diff --git a/electron/services/providers/provider-migration.ts b/electron/services/providers/provider-migration.ts
index 83b29892b..73711c119 100644
--- a/electron/services/providers/provider-migration.ts
+++ b/electron/services/providers/provider-migration.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
 } from './provider-store';
 import { getClawXProviderStore } from './store-instance';
 
-const PROVIDER_STORE_SCHEMA_VERSION = 1;
+const PROVIDER_STORE_SCHEMA_VERSION = 2;
 
 export async function ensureProviderStoreMigrated(): Promise<void> {
   const store = await getClawXProviderStore();
@@ -16,19 +16,31 @@ export async function ensureProviderStoreMigrated(): Promise<void> {
     return;
   }
 
-  const legacyProviders = (store.get('providers') ?? {}) as Record<string, ProviderConfig>;
-  const defaultProviderId = (store.get('defaultProvider') ?? null) as string | null;
-  const existingDefaultAccountId = await getDefaultProviderAccountId();
+  // v0 → v1: migrate legacy `providers` entries to `providerAccounts`.
+  if (schemaVersion < 1) {
+    const legacyProviders = (store.get('providers') ?? {}) as Record<string, ProviderConfig>;
+    const defaultProviderId = (store.get('defaultProvider') ?? null) as string | null;
+    const existingDefaultAccountId = await getDefaultProviderAccountId();
 
-  for (const provider of Object.values(legacyProviders)) {
-    const account = providerConfigToAccount(provider, {
-      isDefault: provider.id === defaultProviderId,
-    });
-    await saveProviderAccount(account);
+    for (const provider of Object.values(legacyProviders)) {
+      const account = providerConfigToAccount(provider, {
+        isDefault: provider.id === defaultProviderId,
+      });
+      await saveProviderAccount(account);
+    }
+
+    if (!existingDefaultAccountId && defaultProviderId) {
+      store.set('defaultProviderAccountId', defaultProviderId);
+    }
   }
 
-  if (!existingDefaultAccountId && defaultProviderId) {
-    store.set('defaultProviderAccountId', defaultProviderId);
+  // v1 → v2: clear the legacy `providers` store.
+  // The old `saveProvider()` was duplicating entries into this store, causing
+  // phantom and duplicate accounts when the migration above re-runs.
+  // Now that createAccount/updateAccount no longer write to `providers`,
+  // we clear it to prevent stale entries from causing issues.
+  if (schemaVersion < 2) {
+    store.set('providers', {});
   }
 
   store.set('schemaVersion', PROVIDER_STORE_SCHEMA_VERSION);
diff --git a/electron/services/providers/provider-service.ts b/electron/services/providers/provider-service.ts
index 37c8eacfd..a3fcf476e 100644
--- a/electron/services/providers/provider-service.ts
+++ b/electron/services/providers/provider-service.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type {
 import { BUILTIN_PROVIDER_TYPES } from '../../shared/providers/types';
 import { ensureProviderStoreMigrated } from './provider-migration';
 import {
+  deleteProviderAccount,
   getDefaultProviderAccountId,
   getProviderAccount,
   listProviderAccounts,
@@ -24,12 +25,11 @@ import {
   deleteProvider,
   getApiKey,
   hasApiKey,
-  saveProvider,
   setDefaultProvider,
   storeApiKey,
 } from '../../utils/secure-storage';
 import { getActiveOpenClawProviders, getOpenClawProvidersConfig } from '../../utils/openclaw-auth';
-import { getOpenClawProviderKeyForType } from '../../utils/provider-keys';
+import { getAliasSourceTypes, getOpenClawProviderKeyForType } from '../../utils/provider-keys';
 import type { ProviderWithKeyInfo } from '../../shared/providers/types';
 import { logger } from '../../utils/logger';
 
@@ -60,93 +60,82 @@ export class ProviderService {
 
   async listAccounts(): Promise<ProviderAccount[]> {
     await ensureProviderStoreMigrated();
-    let accounts = await listProviderAccounts();
 
-    // Seed: when ClawX store is empty but OpenClaw config has providers,
-    // create ProviderAccount entries so the settings panel isn't blank.
-    // This covers users who configured providers via CLI or openclaw.json directly.
-    if (accounts.length === 0) {
-      const activeProviders = await getActiveOpenClawProviders();
-      if (activeProviders.size > 0) {
-        accounts = await this.seedAccountsFromOpenClawConfig();
-      }
-      return accounts;
+    // ── openclaw.json is the ONLY source of truth ──
+    // The provider list is derived entirely from openclaw.json.
+    // The electron-store is only used as a metadata cache (label, authMode, etc.).
+
+    const { providers: openClawProviders, defaultModel } = await getOpenClawProvidersConfig();
+    const activeProviders = await getActiveOpenClawProviders();
+
+    if (activeProviders.size === 0) {
+      return [];
     }
 
-    // Sync check: hide accounts whose provider no longer exists in OpenClaw
-    // JSON (e.g. user deleted openclaw.json manually).  We intentionally do
-    // NOT delete from the store — this preserves API key associations so that
-    // when the user restores the config, accounts reappear with keys intact.
-    {
-      const activeProviders = await getActiveOpenClawProviders();
-      // When OpenClaw config has no providers (e.g. user deleted the file),
-      // treat ALL accounts as stale so ClawX stays in sync.
-      const configEmpty = activeProviders.size === 0;
+    // Read store accounts as a lookup cache (NOT as the source of what to display).
+    const allStoreAccounts = await listProviderAccounts();
 
-      if (configEmpty) {
-        logger.info('[provider-sync] OpenClaw config empty — hiding all provider accounts from display');
-        return [];
-      }
+    // Index store accounts by their openclaw runtime key for fast lookup.
+    const storeByKey = new Map<string, ProviderAccount[]>();
+    for (const account of allStoreAccounts) {
+      const ock = getOpenClawProviderKeyForType(account.vendorId, account.id);
+      const group = storeByKey.get(ock) ?? [];
+      group.push(account);
+      storeByKey.set(ock, group);
+    }
 
-      accounts = accounts.filter((account) => {
-        const openClawKey = getOpenClawProviderKeyForType(account.vendorId, account.id);
-        const isActive =
-          activeProviders.has(account.vendorId) ||
-          activeProviders.has(account.id) ||
-          activeProviders.has(openClawKey);
+    const result: ProviderAccount[] = [];
+    const processedKeys = new Set<string>();
 
-        if (!isActive) {
-          logger.info(`[provider-sync] Hiding stale provider account "${account.id}" (not in OpenClaw config)`);
+    // For each active provider in openclaw.json, produce exactly ONE account.
+    for (const key of activeProviders) {
+      if (processedKeys.has(key)) continue;
+      processedKeys.add(key);
+
+      const storeGroup = storeByKey.get(key) ?? [];
+
+      if (storeGroup.length > 0) {
+        // Pick the best store account for this key:
+        // 1. Prefer alias variants (e.g. minimax-portal-cn over minimax-portal)
+        // 2. Among equal variants, prefer the most recently updated
+        const aliasAccounts = storeGroup.filter((a) => a.vendorId !== key);
+        const candidates = aliasAccounts.length > 0 ? aliasAccounts : storeGroup;
+        candidates.sort((a, b) => b.updatedAt.localeCompare(a.updatedAt));
+        result.push(candidates[0]);
+
+        // Clean up orphaned duplicates from the store.
+        const kept = candidates[0];
+        for (const account of storeGroup) {
+          if (account.id !== kept.id) {
+            logger.info(
+              `[provider-sync] Removing orphaned account "${account.id}" for key "${key}" (keeping "${kept.id}")`,
+            );
+            await deleteProviderAccount(account.id);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        // No store account for this key — create a seed from openclaw.json.
+        const entry = openClawProviders[key];
+        if (entry) {
+          const seeded = ProviderService.buildAccountsFromOpenClawEntries(
+            { [key]: entry },
+            new Set(),
+            new Set(),
+            defaultModel,
+          );
+          for (const account of seeded) {
+            await saveProviderAccount(account);
+            result.push(account);
+            logger.info(`[provider-sync] Seeded provider account "${account.id}" from openclaw.json`);
+          }
         }
-        return isActive;
-      });
-    }
-
-    // Import: detect providers in OpenClaw config not yet in the ClawX store.
-    {
-      const { providers: openClawProviders, defaultModel } = await getOpenClawProvidersConfig();
-      const existingIds = new Set(accounts.map((a) => a.id));
-      const existingVendorIds = new Set(accounts.map((a) => a.vendorId));
-      const newAccounts = ProviderService.buildAccountsFromOpenClawEntries(
-        openClawProviders, existingIds, existingVendorIds, defaultModel,
-      );
-      for (const account of newAccounts) {
-        await saveProviderAccount(account);
-        accounts.push(account);
-      }
-      if (newAccounts.length > 0) {
-        logger.info(
-          `[provider-sync] Imported ${newAccounts.length} new provider(s) from openclaw.json: ${newAccounts.map((a) => a.id).join(', ')}`,
-        );
       }
     }
 
-    return accounts;
+    return result;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Seed the ClawX provider store from openclaw.json when the store is empty.
-   * This is a one-time operation for users who configured providers externally.
-   */
-  private async seedAccountsFromOpenClawConfig(): Promise<ProviderAccount[]> {
-    const { providers, defaultModel } = await getOpenClawProvidersConfig();
 
-    const seeded = ProviderService.buildAccountsFromOpenClawEntries(
-      providers, new Set(), new Set(), defaultModel,
-    );
-
-    for (const account of seeded) {
-      await saveProviderAccount(account);
-    }
-
-    if (seeded.length > 0) {
-      logger.info(
-        `[provider-seed] Seeded ${seeded.length} provider account(s) from openclaw.json: ${seeded.map((a) => a.id).join(', ')}`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    return seeded;
-  }
 
   /**
    * Build ProviderAccount objects from OpenClaw config entries, skipping any
@@ -176,6 +165,13 @@ export class ProviderService {
       // created "openrouter-uuid" via UI — no need to import bare "openrouter").
       if (existingVendorIds.has(vendorId)) continue;
 
+      // Skip if an alias source type already exists.
+      // e.g. openclaw.json has "minimax-portal" but account vendorId is "minimax-portal-cn"
+      const aliasSources = getAliasSourceTypes(key);
+      if (aliasSources.some((source) => existingVendorIds.has(source))) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
       const baseUrl = typeof entry.baseUrl === 'string' ? entry.baseUrl : definition?.providerConfig?.baseUrl;
 
       // Infer model from the default model if it belongs to this provider
@@ -221,7 +217,8 @@ export class ProviderService {
 
   async createAccount(account: ProviderAccount, apiKey?: string): Promise<ProviderAccount> {
     await ensureProviderStoreMigrated();
-    await saveProvider(providerAccountToConfig(account));
+    // Only save to providerAccounts store — do NOT call saveProvider() which
+    // writes to the legacy `providers` store and causes phantom/duplicate issues.
     await saveProviderAccount(account);
     if (apiKey !== undefined && apiKey.trim()) {
       await storeApiKey(account.id, apiKey.trim());
@@ -247,7 +244,7 @@ export class ProviderService {
       updatedAt: patch.updatedAt ?? new Date().toISOString(),
     };
 
-    await saveProvider(providerAccountToConfig(nextAccount));
+    // Only save to providerAccounts store — skip legacy saveProvider().
     await saveProviderAccount(nextAccount);
     if (apiKey !== undefined) {
       const trimmedKey = apiKey.trim();
diff --git a/electron/utils/provider-keys.ts b/electron/utils/provider-keys.ts
index 7dac4414f..583a1ad3b 100644
--- a/electron/utils/provider-keys.ts
+++ b/electron/utils/provider-keys.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,16 @@ export function getOpenClawProviderKeyForType(type: string, providerId: string):
   return PROVIDER_KEY_ALIASES[type] ?? type;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Get all vendorId values that map to the given openclaw.json key via alias.
+ * e.g. getAliasSourceTypes('minimax-portal') → ['minimax-portal-cn']
+ */
+export function getAliasSourceTypes(openClawKey: string): string[] {
+  return Object.entries(PROVIDER_KEY_ALIASES)
+    .filter(([, target]) => target === openClawKey)
+    .map(([source]) => source);
+}
+
 export function isOAuthProviderType(type: string): boolean {
   return OAUTH_PROVIDER_TYPE_SET.has(type);
 }
diff --git a/src/components/settings/ProvidersSettings.tsx b/src/components/settings/ProvidersSettings.tsx
index 14d8316b9..b54f7436b 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/ProvidersSettings.tsx
+++ b/src/components/settings/ProvidersSettings.tsx
@@ -1076,11 +1076,8 @@ function AddProviderDialog({
   const handleStartOAuth = async () => {
     if (!selectedType) return;
 
-    if (selectedType === 'minimax-portal' && existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal-cn')) {
-      toast.error(t('aiProviders.toast.minimaxConflict'));
-      return;
-    }
-    if (selectedType === 'minimax-portal-cn' && existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal')) {
+    const hasMinimax = existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal') || existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal-cn');
+    if ((selectedType === 'minimax-portal' || selectedType === 'minimax-portal-cn') && hasMinimax) {
       toast.error(t('aiProviders.toast.minimaxConflict'));
       return;
     }
@@ -1133,6 +1130,11 @@ function AddProviderDialog({
   };
 
   const availableTypes = PROVIDER_TYPE_INFO.filter((type) => {
+    // MiniMax portal variants are mutually exclusive — hide BOTH variants
+    // when either one already exists (account may have vendorId of either variant).
+    const hasMinimax = existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal') || existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal-cn');
+    if ((type.id === 'minimax-portal' || type.id === 'minimax-portal-cn') && hasMinimax) return false;
+
     const vendor = vendorMap.get(type.id);
     if (!vendor) {
       return !existingVendorIds.has(type.id) || type.id === 'custom';
@@ -1143,11 +1145,8 @@ function AddProviderDialog({
   const handleAdd = async () => {
     if (!selectedType) return;
 
-    if (selectedType === 'minimax-portal' && existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal-cn')) {
-      toast.error(t('aiProviders.toast.minimaxConflict'));
-      return;
-    }
-    if (selectedType === 'minimax-portal-cn' && existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal')) {
+    const hasMinimax = existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal') || existingVendorIds.has('minimax-portal-cn');
+    if ((selectedType === 'minimax-portal' || selectedType === 'minimax-portal-cn') && hasMinimax) {
       toast.error(t('aiProviders.toast.minimaxConflict'));
       return;
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/provider-service-stale-cleanup.test.ts b/tests/unit/provider-service-stale-cleanup.test.ts
index 420aa342d..55adcb8fe 100644
--- a/tests/unit/provider-service-stale-cleanup.test.ts
+++ b/tests/unit/provider-service-stale-cleanup.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   getActiveOpenClawProviders: vi.fn(),
   getOpenClawProvidersConfig: vi.fn(),
   getOpenClawProviderKeyForType: vi.fn(),
+  getAliasSourceTypes: vi.fn(),
   loggerWarn: vi.fn(),
   loggerInfo: vi.fn(),
 }));
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ vi.mock('@electron/utils/openclaw-auth', () => ({
 
 vi.mock('@electron/utils/provider-keys', () => ({
   getOpenClawProviderKeyForType: mocks.getOpenClawProviderKeyForType,
+  getAliasSourceTypes: mocks.getAliasSourceTypes,
 }));
 
 vi.mock('@electron/utils/secure-storage', () => ({
@@ -77,129 +79,82 @@ function makeAccount(overrides: Partial<ProviderAccount> = {}): ProviderAccount
   };
 }
 
-describe('ProviderService.listAccounts stale-account cleanup', () => {
+/**
+ * Default mock: getOpenClawProviderKeyForType maps type to itself,
+ * except minimax-portal-cn → minimax-portal (alias).
+ */
+function setupDefaultKeyMapping() {
+  mocks.getOpenClawProviderKeyForType.mockImplementation(
+    (type: string) => type === 'minimax-portal-cn' ? 'minimax-portal' : type,
+  );
+}
+
+describe('ProviderService.listAccounts (openclaw.json as sole source of truth)', () => {
   let service: ProviderService;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
     mocks.ensureProviderStoreMigrated.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
-    mocks.getOpenClawProviderKeyForType.mockImplementation(
-      (type: string, id: string) => `${type}/${id}`,
-    );
+    setupDefaultKeyMapping();
+    mocks.getAliasSourceTypes.mockReturnValue([]);
     mocks.getOpenClawProvidersConfig.mockResolvedValue({ providers: {}, defaultModel: undefined });
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([]);
     service = new ProviderService();
   });
 
-  it('hides ALL accounts when activeProviders is empty (config missing/deleted)', async () => {
-    const accounts = [
-      makeAccount({ id: 'custom-1', vendorId: 'custom' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
+  it('returns empty when activeProviders is empty', async () => {
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([
       makeAccount({ id: 'moonshot-1', vendorId: 'moonshot' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-      makeAccount({ id: 'anthropic-1', vendorId: 'anthropic' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-    ];
-    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue(accounts);
+    ]);
     mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set<string>());
 
     const result = await service.listAccounts();
 
-    // All accounts hidden (not deleted) when config is empty
     expect(result).toEqual([]);
-    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('hides stale non-builtin accounts when config has active providers', async () => {
-    const accounts = [
+  it('returns only providers present in openclaw.json, ignoring extra store accounts', async () => {
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([
       makeAccount({ id: 'moonshot-1', vendorId: 'moonshot' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-      makeAccount({ id: 'custom-stale', vendorId: 'custom' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-    ];
-    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue(accounts);
-    // Only moonshot is active in config
+      makeAccount({ id: 'custom-orphan', vendorId: 'custom' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
+    ]);
+    // Only moonshot is active — custom is NOT in openclaw.json
     mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['moonshot']));
+    mocks.getOpenClawProvidersConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+      providers: { moonshot: { baseUrl: 'https://api.moonshot.cn/v1' } },
+      defaultModel: undefined,
+    });
 
     const result = await service.listAccounts();
 
-    // custom-stale hidden (not deleted) from display
-    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
     expect(result[0].id).toBe('moonshot-1');
   });
 
-  it('hides builtin provider accounts when not in activeProviders', async () => {
-    const accounts = [
-      makeAccount({ id: 'anthropic-1', vendorId: 'anthropic' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-      makeAccount({ id: 'openai-1', vendorId: 'openai' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-    ];
-    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue(accounts);
-    // Config has moonshot, but NOT anthropic or openai
-    mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['moonshot']));
-
-    const result = await service.listAccounts();
-
-    // Builtin accounts also hidden when not in OpenClaw config
-    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
-  });
-
-  it('returns empty when no accounts and no active OpenClaw providers', async () => {
-    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([]);
-    mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set());
-
-    const result = await service.listAccounts();
-
-    expect(result).toEqual([]);
-    expect(mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-  });
-
-  it('matches accounts by vendorId, id, or openClawKey', async () => {
-    const accounts = [
-      makeAccount({ id: 'custom-abc', vendorId: 'custom' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-    ];
-    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue(accounts);
-    // The openClawKey matches
-    mocks.getOpenClawProviderKeyForType.mockReturnValue('custom/custom-abc');
-    mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['custom/custom-abc']));
-
-    const result = await service.listAccounts();
-
-    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(result).toEqual(accounts);
-  });
-
-  it('imports new providers from OpenClaw config not yet in ClawX store', async () => {
-    const accounts = [
-      makeAccount({ id: 'moonshot', vendorId: 'moonshot' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-    ];
-    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue(accounts);
-    mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['moonshot', 'siliconflow']));
+  it('seeds new account from openclaw.json when no store match exists', async () => {
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([]); // empty store
+    mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['siliconflow']));
     mocks.getOpenClawProvidersConfig.mockResolvedValue({
-      providers: {
-        moonshot: { baseUrl: 'https://api.moonshot.cn/v1' },
-        siliconflow: { baseUrl: 'https://api.siliconflow.cn/v1' },
-      },
+      providers: { siliconflow: { baseUrl: 'https://api.siliconflow.cn/v1' } },
       defaultModel: undefined,
     });
 
     const result = await service.listAccounts();
 
-    // moonshot already exists, siliconflow should be imported
     expect(mocks.saveProviderAccount).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(mocks.saveProviderAccount).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.objectContaining({ id: 'siliconflow' }),
     );
-    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
-    expect(result.map((a: ProviderAccount) => a.id)).toContain('siliconflow');
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
   });
 
-  it('does not import providers already in ClawX store', async () => {
-    const accounts = [
-      makeAccount({ id: 'moonshot', vendorId: 'moonshot' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-    ];
-    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue(accounts);
+  it('uses store metadata when match exists (does not re-seed)', async () => {
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([
+      makeAccount({ id: 'moonshot', vendorId: 'moonshot' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'], label: 'My Moonshot' }),
+    ]);
     mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['moonshot']));
     mocks.getOpenClawProvidersConfig.mockResolvedValue({
-      providers: {
-        moonshot: { baseUrl: 'https://api.moonshot.cn/v1' },
-      },
+      providers: { moonshot: { baseUrl: 'https://api.moonshot.cn/v1' } },
       defaultModel: undefined,
     });
 
@@ -207,28 +162,130 @@ describe('ProviderService.listAccounts stale-account cleanup', () => {
 
     expect(mocks.saveProviderAccount).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result[0].label).toBe('My Moonshot');
   });
 
-  it('does not create duplicate when account id differs but vendorId matches', async () => {
-    // User added openrouter via UI → id is "openrouter-uuid", vendorId is "openrouter"
-    // openclaw.json has "openrouter" entry → should NOT import because vendorId matches
-    const accounts = [
+  it('matches UUID-based store account to openclaw key via getOpenClawProviderKeyForType', async () => {
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([
       makeAccount({ id: 'openrouter-uuid-1234', vendorId: 'openrouter' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
-    ];
-    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue(accounts);
+    ]);
     mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['openrouter']));
     mocks.getOpenClawProvidersConfig.mockResolvedValue({
-      providers: {
-        openrouter: { baseUrl: 'https://openrouter.ai/api/v1' },
-      },
-      defaultModel: 'openrouter/openai/gpt-5.4',
+      providers: { openrouter: { baseUrl: 'https://openrouter.ai/api/v1' } },
+      defaultModel: undefined,
     });
 
     const result = await service.listAccounts();
 
-    // Should NOT create a duplicate "openrouter" account
     expect(mocks.saveProviderAccount).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
     expect(result[0].id).toBe('openrouter-uuid-1234');
   });
+
+  it('prefers CN alias account over Global phantom for minimax-portal key', async () => {
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([
+      makeAccount({
+        id: 'minimax-portal',
+        vendorId: 'minimax-portal' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'],
+        label: 'MiniMax (Global)',
+        updatedAt: '2026-03-20T00:00:00.000Z',
+      }),
+      makeAccount({
+        id: 'minimax-portal-cn-uuid',
+        vendorId: 'minimax-portal-cn' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'],
+        label: 'MiniMax (CN)',
+        updatedAt: '2026-03-21T00:00:00.000Z',
+      }),
+    ]);
+    mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['minimax-portal']));
+    mocks.getOpenClawProvidersConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+      providers: { 'minimax-portal': { baseUrl: 'https://api.minimaxi.com/anthropic' } },
+      defaultModel: undefined,
+    });
+
+    const result = await service.listAccounts();
+
+    // Only CN should remain, phantom Global deleted from store
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result[0].id).toBe('minimax-portal-cn-uuid');
+    expect(result[0].label).toBe('MiniMax (CN)');
+    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).toHaveBeenCalledWith('minimax-portal');
+  });
+
+  it('shows only one CN when only CN account exists (no phantom)', async () => {
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([
+      makeAccount({
+        id: 'minimax-portal-cn-uuid',
+        vendorId: 'minimax-portal-cn' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'],
+        label: 'MiniMax (CN)',
+      }),
+    ]);
+    mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['minimax-portal']));
+    mocks.getOpenClawProvidersConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+      providers: { 'minimax-portal': { baseUrl: 'https://api.minimaxi.com/anthropic' } },
+      defaultModel: undefined,
+    });
+
+    const result = await service.listAccounts();
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result[0].id).toBe('minimax-portal-cn-uuid');
+    expect(mocks.saveProviderAccount).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('deduplicates multiple CN accounts from delete+re-add, keeps newest', async () => {
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([
+      makeAccount({
+        id: 'minimax-portal-cn-uuid1',
+        vendorId: 'minimax-portal-cn' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'],
+        updatedAt: '2026-03-20T00:00:00.000Z',
+      }),
+      makeAccount({
+        id: 'minimax-portal-cn-uuid2',
+        vendorId: 'minimax-portal-cn' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'],
+        updatedAt: '2026-03-21T00:00:00.000Z',
+      }),
+      makeAccount({
+        id: 'minimax-portal-cn-uuid3',
+        vendorId: 'minimax-portal-cn' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'],
+        updatedAt: '2026-03-22T00:00:00.000Z',
+      }),
+    ]);
+    mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['minimax-portal']));
+    mocks.getOpenClawProvidersConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+      providers: { 'minimax-portal': {} },
+      defaultModel: undefined,
+    });
+
+    const result = await service.listAccounts();
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result[0].id).toBe('minimax-portal-cn-uuid3');
+    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).toHaveBeenCalledWith('minimax-portal-cn-uuid1');
+    expect(mocks.deleteProviderAccount).toHaveBeenCalledWith('minimax-portal-cn-uuid2');
+  });
+
+  it('handles multiple active providers from openclaw.json correctly', async () => {
+    mocks.listProviderAccounts.mockResolvedValue([
+      makeAccount({ id: 'openrouter-uuid', vendorId: 'openrouter' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
+      makeAccount({ id: 'minimax-portal-cn-uuid', vendorId: 'minimax-portal-cn' as ProviderAccount['vendorId'] }),
+    ]);
+    mocks.getActiveOpenClawProviders.mockResolvedValue(new Set(['openrouter', 'minimax-portal']));
+    mocks.getOpenClawProvidersConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+      providers: {
+        openrouter: { baseUrl: 'https://openrouter.ai/api/v1' },
+        'minimax-portal': { baseUrl: 'https://api.minimaxi.com/anthropic' },
+      },
+      defaultModel: undefined,
+    });
+
+    const result = await service.listAccounts();
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
+    const ids = result.map((a: ProviderAccount) => a.id);
+    expect(ids).toContain('openrouter-uuid');
+    expect(ids).toContain('minimax-portal-cn-uuid');
+  });
 });