Fix token usage handling and developer proxy save UX (#704)

AGENTS.md

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ Standard dev commands are in `package.json` scripts and `README.md`. Key ones:
 - **Token usage history implementation**: Dashboard token usage history is not parsed from console logs. It reads OpenClaw session transcript `.jsonl` files under the local OpenClaw config directory, scans both configured agents and any runtime agent directories found on disk, and treats normal, `.deleted.jsonl`, and `.jsonl.reset.*` transcripts as valid history sources. It extracts assistant/tool usage records with `message.usage` and aggregates fields such as input/output/cache/total tokens and cost from those structured records.
 - **Models page aggregation**: The 7-day/30-day filters are relative rolling windows, not calendar-month buckets. When grouped by time, the chart should keep all day buckets in the selected window; only model grouping is intentionally capped to the top entries.
 - **OpenClaw Doctor in UI**: In Settings > Advanced > Developer, the app exposes both `Run Doctor` (`openclaw doctor --json`) and `Run Doctor Fix` (`openclaw doctor --fix --yes --non-interactive`) through the host-api. Renderer code should call the host route, not spawn CLI processes directly.
+- **UI change validation**: Any user-visible UI change should include or update an Electron E2E spec in the same PR so the interaction is covered by Playwright.
 - **Renderer/Main API boundary (important)**:
   - Renderer must use `src/lib/host-api.ts` and `src/lib/api-client.ts` as the single entry for backend calls.
   - Do not add new direct `window.electron.ipcRenderer.invoke(...)` calls in pages/components; expose them through host-api/api-client instead.

electron/utils/token-usage-core.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ export interface TokenUsageHistoryEntry {
   model?: string;
   provider?: string;
   content?: string;
+  usageStatus: 'available' | 'missing' | 'error';
   inputTokens: number;
   outputTokens: number;
   cacheReadTokens: number;
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ export function extractSessionIdFromTranscriptFileName(fileName: string): string
 }
 
 interface TranscriptUsageShape {
+  [key: string]: unknown;
   input?: number;
   output?: number;
   total?: number;
@@ -30,11 +32,169 @@ interface TranscriptUsageShape {
   promptTokens?: number;
   completionTokens?: number;
   totalTokens?: number;
+  input_tokens?: number;
+  output_tokens?: number;
+  total_tokens?: number;
+  cache_read?: number;
+  cache_write?: number;
+  prompt_tokens?: number;
+  completion_tokens?: number;
+  cache_read_tokens?: number;
+  cache_write_tokens?: number;
+  inputTokenCount?: number;
+  input_token_count?: number;
+  outputTokenCount?: number;
+  output_token_count?: number;
+  promptTokenCount?: number;
+  prompt_token_count?: number;
+  completionTokenCount?: number;
+  completion_token_count?: number;
+  totalTokenCount?: number;
+  total_token_count?: number;
+  cacheReadTokenCount?: number;
+  cacheReadTokens?: number;
+  cache_write_token_count?: number;
   cost?: {
     total?: number;
   };
 }
 
+type UsageRecordStatus = 'available' | 'missing' | 'error';
+
+interface ParsedUsageTokens {
+  inputTokens: number;
+  outputTokens: number;
+  cacheReadTokens: number;
+  cacheWriteTokens: number;
+  totalTokens: number;
+  costUsd?: number;
+  usageStatus: UsageRecordStatus;
+}
+
+function normalizeUsageNumber(value: unknown): number | undefined {
+  if (typeof value === 'number' && Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    return value;
+  }
+  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+    const trimmed = value.trim();
+    if (trimmed.length === 0) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    const parsed = Number(trimmed);
+    return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : undefined;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function firstUsageNumber(usage: TranscriptUsageShape | undefined, candidates: string[]): number | undefined {
+  if (!usage) return undefined;
+  for (const key of candidates) {
+    const value = usage[key];
+    const parsed = normalizeUsageNumber(value);
+    if (parsed !== undefined) return parsed;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function parseUsageFromShape(usage: unknown): ParsedUsageTokens | undefined {
+  if (usage === undefined) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (usage === null || typeof usage !== 'object' || Array.isArray(usage)) {
+    return {
+      usageStatus: 'error',
+      inputTokens: 0,
+      outputTokens: 0,
+      cacheReadTokens: 0,
+      cacheWriteTokens: 0,
+      totalTokens: 0,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const usageShape = usage as TranscriptUsageShape;
+
+  const inputTokens = firstUsageNumber(usageShape, [
+    'input',
+    'promptTokens',
+    'prompt_tokens',
+    'input_tokens',
+    'inputTokenCount',
+    'input_token_count',
+    'promptTokenCount',
+    'prompt_token_count',
+  ]);
+  const outputTokens = firstUsageNumber(usageShape, [
+    'output',
+    'completionTokens',
+    'completion_tokens',
+    'output_tokens',
+    'outputTokenCount',
+    'output_token_count',
+    'completionTokenCount',
+    'completion_token_count',
+  ]);
+  const cacheReadTokens = firstUsageNumber(usageShape, [
+    'cacheRead',
+    'cache_read',
+    'cacheReadTokens',
+    'cache_read_tokens',
+    'cacheReadTokenCount',
+    'cache_read_token_count',
+  ]);
+  const cacheWriteTokens = firstUsageNumber(usageShape, [
+    'cacheWrite',
+    'cache_write',
+    'cacheWriteTokens',
+    'cache_write_tokens',
+    'cacheWriteTokenCount',
+    'cache_write_token_count',
+  ]);
+  const explicitTotalTokens = firstUsageNumber(usageShape, [
+    'total',
+    'totalTokens',
+    'total_tokens',
+    'totalTokenCount',
+    'total_token_count',
+  ]);
+
+  const hasUsageValue =
+    inputTokens !== undefined
+    || outputTokens !== undefined
+    || cacheReadTokens !== undefined
+    || cacheWriteTokens !== undefined
+    || explicitTotalTokens !== undefined
+    || normalizeUsageNumber(usageShape.cost?.total) !== undefined;
+
+  if (!hasUsageValue) {
+    return {
+      usageStatus: 'missing',
+      inputTokens: 0,
+      outputTokens: 0,
+      cacheReadTokens: 0,
+      cacheWriteTokens: 0,
+      totalTokens: 0,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const totalTokens = explicitTotalTokens ?? (
+    (inputTokens ?? 0)
+      + (outputTokens ?? 0)
+      + (cacheReadTokens ?? 0)
+      + (cacheWriteTokens ?? 0)
+  );
+
+  return {
+    usageStatus: 'available',
+    inputTokens: inputTokens ?? 0,
+    outputTokens: outputTokens ?? 0,
+    cacheReadTokens: cacheReadTokens ?? 0,
+    cacheWriteTokens: cacheWriteTokens ?? 0,
+    totalTokens,
+    costUsd: normalizeUsageNumber(usageShape.cost?.total),
+  };
+}
+
 interface TranscriptLineShape {
   type?: string;
   timestamp?: string;
@@ -121,17 +281,9 @@ export function parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(
       continue;
     }
 
-    if (message.role === 'assistant' && message.usage) {
+    if (message.role === 'assistant' && 'usage' in message) {
-      const usage = message.usage;
+      const usage = parseUsageFromShape(message.usage);
-      const inputTokens = usage.input ?? usage.promptTokens ?? 0;
+      if (!usage) continue;
-      const outputTokens = usage.output ?? usage.completionTokens ?? 0;
-      const cacheReadTokens = usage.cacheRead ?? 0;
-      const cacheWriteTokens = usage.cacheWrite ?? 0;
-      const totalTokens = usage.total ?? usage.totalTokens ?? inputTokens + outputTokens + cacheReadTokens + cacheWriteTokens;
-
-      if (totalTokens <= 0) {
-        continue;
-      }
 
       const contentText = normalizeUsageContent((message as Record<string, unknown>).content);
       entries.push({
@@ -141,12 +293,7 @@ export function parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(
         model: message.model ?? message.modelRef,
         provider: message.provider,
         ...(contentText ? { content: contentText } : {}),
-        inputTokens,
+        ...usage,
-        outputTokens,
-        cacheReadTokens,
-        cacheWriteTokens,
-        totalTokens,
-        costUsd: usage.cost?.total,
       });
       continue;
     }
@@ -156,30 +303,18 @@ export function parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(
     }
 
     const details = message.details;
-    if (!details) {
+    if (!details || !('usage' in details)) {
       continue;
     }
 
-    const usage = details.usage;
+    const usage = parseUsageFromShape(details.usage);
-    const inputTokens = usage?.input ?? usage?.promptTokens ?? 0;
+    if (!usage) continue;
-    const outputTokens = usage?.output ?? usage?.completionTokens ?? 0;
-    const cacheReadTokens = usage?.cacheRead ?? 0;
-    const cacheWriteTokens = usage?.cacheWrite ?? 0;
-    const totalTokens = usage?.total ?? usage?.totalTokens ?? inputTokens + outputTokens + cacheReadTokens + cacheWriteTokens;
 
     const provider = details.provider ?? details.externalContent?.provider ?? message.provider;
     const model = details.model ?? message.model ?? message.modelRef;
     const contentText = normalizeUsageContent(details.content)
       ?? normalizeUsageContent((message as Record<string, unknown>).content);
 
-    if (!provider && !model) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (totalTokens <= 0) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
     entries.push({
       timestamp: parsed.timestamp,
       sessionId: context.sessionId,
@@ -187,12 +322,7 @@ export function parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(
       model,
       provider,
       ...(contentText ? { content: contentText } : {}),
-      inputTokens,
+      ...usage,
-      outputTokens,
-      cacheReadTokens,
-      cacheWriteTokens,
-      totalTokens,
-      costUsd: usage?.cost?.total,
     });
   }
 

src/i18n/locales/en/agents.json

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
         "modelPreview": "Preview",
         "modelOverridePlaceholder": "provider/model (for example: openrouter/openai/gpt-5.4)",
         "modelOverrideDescription": "Select provider and model ID for this agent.",
+        "unsavedChangesTitle": "Unsaved changes",
+        "unsavedChangesMessage": "You have unsaved changes. If you close now, your changes will be discarded.",
+        "closeWithoutSaving": "Close without saving",
         "saveModelOverride": "Save model",
         "useDefaultModel": "Use default model",
         "channelsTitle": "Channels",

src/i18n/locales/en/dashboard.json

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@
         "cost": "Cost ${{amount}}",
         "viewContent": "View content",
         "contentDialogTitle": "Usage detail content",
-        "close": "Close"
+        "close": "Close",
+        "noUsage": "No usage",
+        "usageParseError": "Usage parse error"
     }
 }

src/i18n/locales/ja/agents.json

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
         "modelPreview": "プレビュー",
         "modelOverridePlaceholder": "provider/model（例: openrouter/openai/gpt-5.4）",
         "modelOverrideDescription": "この Agent の Provider とモデル ID を選択します。",
+        "unsavedChangesTitle": "未保存の変更",
+        "unsavedChangesMessage": "未保存の変更があります。閉じると変更が破棄されます。",
+        "closeWithoutSaving": "保存せずに閉じる",
         "saveModelOverride": "モデルを保存",
         "useDefaultModel": "デフォルトモデルを使用",
         "channelsTitle": "Channels",

src/i18n/locales/ja/dashboard.json

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@
         "cost": "コスト ${{amount}}",
         "viewContent": "内容を見る",
         "contentDialogTitle": "使用量詳細の内容",
-        "close": "閉じる"
+        "close": "閉じる",
+        "noUsage": "使用量なし",
+        "usageParseError": "使用量解析エラー"
     }
 }

src/i18n/locales/zh/agents.json

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
         "modelPreview": "预览",
         "modelOverridePlaceholder": "provider/model（例如：openrouter/openai/gpt-5.4）",
         "modelOverrideDescription": "为该 Agent 选择 Provider 和模型 ID。",
+        "unsavedChangesTitle": "未保存的修改",
+        "unsavedChangesMessage": "你有未保存的修改。关闭后这些修改将被丢弃。",
+        "closeWithoutSaving": "不保存并关闭",
         "saveModelOverride": "保存模型",
         "useDefaultModel": "使用默认模型",
         "channelsTitle": "频道",

src/i18n/locales/zh/dashboard.json

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@
         "cost": "费用 ${{amount}}",
         "viewContent": "查看内容",
         "contentDialogTitle": "用量明细内容",
-        "close": "关闭"
+        "close": "关闭",
+        "noUsage": "无用量数据",
+        "usageParseError": "用量解析失败"
     }
 }

src/pages/Agents/index.tsx

@@ -493,11 +493,22 @@ function AgentSettingsModal({
   const [name, setName] = useState(agent.name);
   const [savingName, setSavingName] = useState(false);
   const [showModelModal, setShowModelModal] = useState(false);
+  const [showCloseConfirm, setShowCloseConfirm] = useState(false);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     setName(agent.name);
   }, [agent.name]);
 
+  const hasNameChanges = name.trim() !== agent.name;
+
+  const handleRequestClose = () => {
+    if (savingName || hasNameChanges) {
+      setShowCloseConfirm(true);
+      return;
+    }
+    onClose();
+  };
+
   const handleSaveName = async () => {
     if (!name.trim() || name.trim() === agent.name) return;
     setSavingName(true);
@@ -540,7 +551,7 @@ function AgentSettingsModal({
           <Button
             variant="ghost"
             size="icon"
-            onClick={onClose}
+            onClick={handleRequestClose}
             className="rounded-full h-8 w-8 -mr-2 -mt-2 text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground hover:bg-black/5 dark:hover:bg-white/5"
           >
             <X className="h-4 w-4" />
@@ -652,6 +663,19 @@ function AgentSettingsModal({
           onClose={() => setShowModelModal(false)}
         />
       )}
+      <ConfirmDialog
+        open={showCloseConfirm}
+        title={t('settingsDialog.unsavedChangesTitle')}
+        message={t('settingsDialog.unsavedChangesMessage')}
+        confirmLabel={t('settingsDialog.closeWithoutSaving')}
+        cancelLabel={t('common:actions.cancel')}
+        onConfirm={() => {
+          setShowCloseConfirm(false);
+          setName(agent.name);
+          onClose();
+        }}
+        onCancel={() => setShowCloseConfirm(false)}
+      />
     </div>
   );
 }
@@ -672,6 +696,7 @@ function AgentModelModal({
   const [selectedRuntimeProviderKey, setSelectedRuntimeProviderKey] = useState('');
   const [modelIdInput, setModelIdInput] = useState('');
   const [savingModel, setSavingModel] = useState(false);
+  const [showCloseConfirm, setShowCloseConfirm] = useState(false);
 
   const runtimeProviderOptions = useMemo<RuntimeProviderOption[]>(() => {
     const vendorMap = new Map<string, ProviderVendorInfo>(providerVendors.map((vendor) => [vendor.id, vendor]));
@@ -740,6 +765,14 @@ function AgentModelModal({
     : null;
   const modelChanged = (desiredOverrideModelRef || '') !== currentOverrideModelRef;
 
+  const handleRequestClose = () => {
+    if (savingModel || modelChanged) {
+      setShowCloseConfirm(true);
+      return;
+    }
+    onClose();
+  };
+
   const handleSaveModel = async () => {
     if (!selectedRuntimeProviderKey) {
       toast.error(t('toast.agentModelProviderRequired'));
@@ -793,7 +826,7 @@ function AgentModelModal({
           <Button
             variant="ghost"
             size="icon"
-            onClick={onClose}
+            onClick={handleRequestClose}
             className="rounded-full h-8 w-8 -mr-2 -mt-2 text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground hover:bg-black/5 dark:hover:bg-white/5"
           >
             <X className="h-4 w-4" />
@@ -854,7 +887,7 @@ function AgentModelModal({
             </Button>
             <Button
               variant="outline"
-              onClick={onClose}
+              onClick={handleRequestClose}
               className="h-9 text-[13px] font-medium rounded-full px-4 border-black/10 dark:border-white/10 bg-transparent hover:bg-black/5 dark:hover:bg-white/5 shadow-none text-foreground/80 hover:text-foreground"
             >
               {t('common:actions.cancel')}
@@ -873,6 +906,18 @@ function AgentModelModal({
           </div>
         </CardContent>
       </Card>
+      <ConfirmDialog
+        open={showCloseConfirm}
+        title={t('settingsDialog.unsavedChangesTitle')}
+        message={t('settingsDialog.unsavedChangesMessage')}
+        confirmLabel={t('settingsDialog.closeWithoutSaving')}
+        cancelLabel={t('common:actions.cancel')}
+        onConfirm={() => {
+          setShowCloseConfirm(false);
+          onClose();
+        }}
+        onCancel={() => setShowCloseConfirm(false)}
+      />
     </div>
   );
 }

src/pages/Models/index.tsx

@@ -36,6 +36,37 @@ export function Models() {
   const [usageWindow, setUsageWindow] = useState<UsageWindow>('7d');
   const [usagePage, setUsagePage] = useState(1);
   const [selectedUsageEntry, setSelectedUsageEntry] = useState<UsageHistoryEntry | null>(null);
+  const HIDDEN_USAGE_SOURCES = new Set([
+    'gateway-injected',
+    'delivery-mirror',
+  ]);
+
+  function isHiddenUsageSource(source?: string): boolean {
+    if (!source) return false;
+    const normalizedSource = source.trim().toLowerCase();
+    return (
+      HIDDEN_USAGE_SOURCES.has(normalizedSource)
+      || normalizedSource.includes('gateway-injected')
+      || normalizedSource.includes('delivery-mirror')
+    );
+  }
+
+  function formatUsageSource(source?: string): string | undefined {
+    if (!source) return undefined;
+
+    if (isHiddenUsageSource(source)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    return source;
+  }
+
+  function shouldHideUsageEntry(entry: UsageHistoryEntry): boolean {
+    return (
+      isHiddenUsageSource(entry.provider)
+      || isHiddenUsageSource(entry.model)
+    );
+  }
 
   type FetchState = {
     status: 'idle' | 'loading' | 'done';
@@ -181,8 +212,9 @@ export function Models() {
     };
   }, [isGatewayRunning, gatewayStatus.connectedAt, gatewayStatus.pid, usageFetchMaxAttempts]);
 
-  const usageHistory = fetchState.data;
+  const visibleUsageHistory = isGatewayRunning
-  const visibleUsageHistory = isGatewayRunning ? usageHistory : [];
+    ? fetchState.data.filter((entry) => !shouldHideUsageEntry(entry))
+    : [];
   const filteredUsageHistory = filterUsageHistoryByWindow(visibleUsageHistory, usageWindow);
   const usageGroups = groupUsageHistory(filteredUsageHistory, usageGroupBy);
   const usagePageSize = 5;
@@ -313,6 +345,7 @@ export function Models() {
                     {pagedUsageHistory.map((entry) => (
                       <div
                         key={`${entry.sessionId}-${entry.timestamp}`}
+                        data-testid="token-usage-entry"
                         className="rounded-2xl bg-transparent border border-black/10 dark:border-white/10 p-5 hover:bg-black/5 dark:hover:bg-white/5 transition-colors"
                       >
                         <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
@@ -321,24 +354,46 @@ export function Models() {
                               {entry.model || t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.unknownModel')}
                             </p>
                             <p className="text-[13px] text-muted-foreground truncate mt-0.5">
-                              {[entry.provider, entry.agentId, entry.sessionId].filter(Boolean).join(' • ')}
+                              {[formatUsageSource(entry.provider), formatUsageSource(entry.agentId), entry.sessionId].filter(Boolean).join(' • ')}
                             </p>
                           </div>
                           <div className="text-right shrink-0">
-                            <p className="font-bold text-[15px]">{formatTokenCount(entry.totalTokens)}</p>
+                            <p className={getUsageTotalClass(entry)}>
+                              {formatUsageTotal(entry)}
+                            </p>
+                            {entry.usageStatus === 'missing' && (
+                              <p className="text-[12px] text-muted-foreground mt-0.5">
+                                {t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.noUsage')}
+                              </p>
+                            )}
+                            {entry.usageStatus === 'error' && (
+                              <p className="text-[12px] text-red-500 dark:text-red-400 mt-0.5">
+                                {t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.usageParseError')}
+                              </p>
+                            )}
                             <p className="text-[12px] text-muted-foreground mt-0.5">
                               {formatUsageTimestamp(entry.timestamp)}
                             </p>
                           </div>
                         </div>
                         <div className="mt-3 flex flex-wrap gap-x-4 gap-y-1.5 text-[12.5px] font-medium text-muted-foreground">
-                          <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><div className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-sky-500"></div>{t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.input', { value: formatTokenCount(entry.inputTokens) })}</span>
+                          {entry.usageStatus === 'available' || entry.usageStatus === undefined ? (
-                          <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><div className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-violet-500"></div>{t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.output', { value: formatTokenCount(entry.outputTokens) })}</span>
+                            <>
-                          {entry.cacheReadTokens > 0 && (
+                              <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><div className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-sky-500"></div>{t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.input', { value: formatTokenCount(entry.inputTokens) })}</span>
-                            <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><div className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-amber-500"></div>{t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.cacheRead', { value: formatTokenCount(entry.cacheReadTokens) })}</span>
+                              <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><div className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-violet-500"></div>{t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.output', { value: formatTokenCount(entry.outputTokens) })}</span>
-                          )}
+                              {entry.cacheReadTokens > 0 && (
-                          {entry.cacheWriteTokens > 0 && (
+                                <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><div className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-amber-500"></div>{t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.cacheRead', { value: formatTokenCount(entry.cacheReadTokens) })}</span>
-                            <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><div className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-amber-500"></div>{t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.cacheWrite', { value: formatTokenCount(entry.cacheWriteTokens) })}</span>
+                              )}
+                              {entry.cacheWriteTokens > 0 && (
+                                <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5"><div className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-amber-500"></div>{t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.cacheWrite', { value: formatTokenCount(entry.cacheWriteTokens) })}</span>
+                              )}
+                            </>
+                          ) : (
+                            <span className="text-[12px]">
+                              {entry.usageStatus === 'missing'
+                                ? t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.noUsage')
+                                : t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.usageParseError')}
+                            </span>
                           )}
                           {typeof entry.costUsd === 'number' && Number.isFinite(entry.costUsd) && (
                             <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5 ml-auto text-foreground/80 bg-black/5 dark:bg-white/5 px-2 py-0.5 rounded-md">{t('dashboard:recentTokenHistory.cost', { amount: entry.costUsd.toFixed(4) })}</span>
@@ -409,6 +464,18 @@ function formatTokenCount(value: number): string {
   return Intl.NumberFormat().format(value);
 }
 
+function getUsageTotalClass(entry: UsageHistoryEntry): string {
+  if (entry.usageStatus === 'error') return 'font-bold text-[15px] text-red-500 dark:text-red-400';
+  if (entry.usageStatus === 'missing') return 'font-bold text-[15px] text-muted-foreground';
+  return 'font-bold text-[15px]';
+}
+
+function formatUsageTotal(entry: UsageHistoryEntry): string {
+  if (entry.usageStatus === 'error') return '✕';
+  if (entry.usageStatus === 'missing') return '—';
+  return formatTokenCount(entry.totalTokens);
+}
+
 function formatUsageTimestamp(timestamp: string): string {
   const date = new Date(timestamp);
   if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return timestamp;

src/pages/Models/usage-history.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ export type UsageHistoryEntry = {
   model?: string;
   provider?: string;
   content?: string;
+  usageStatus?: 'available' | 'missing' | 'error';
   inputTokens: number;
   outputTokens: number;
   cacheReadTokens: number;

src/pages/Settings/index.tsx

@@ -323,6 +323,30 @@ export function Settings() {
     setProxyBypassRulesDraft(proxyBypassRules);
   }, [proxyBypassRules]);
 
+  const proxySettingsDirty = useMemo(() => {
+    return (
+      proxyEnabledDraft !== proxyEnabled
+      || proxyServerDraft.trim() !== proxyServer
+      || proxyHttpServerDraft.trim() !== proxyHttpServer
+      || proxyHttpsServerDraft.trim() !== proxyHttpsServer
+      || proxyAllServerDraft.trim() !== proxyAllServer
+      || proxyBypassRulesDraft.trim() !== proxyBypassRules
+    );
+  }, [
+    proxyAllServer,
+    proxyAllServerDraft,
+    proxyBypassRules,
+    proxyBypassRulesDraft,
+    proxyEnabled,
+    proxyEnabledDraft,
+    proxyHttpServer,
+    proxyHttpServerDraft,
+    proxyHttpsServer,
+    proxyHttpsServerDraft,
+    proxyServer,
+    proxyServerDraft,
+  ]);
+
   const handleSaveProxySettings = async () => {
     setSavingProxy(true);
     try {
@@ -612,9 +636,9 @@ export function Settings() {
                   </p>
                 </div>
                 <Switch
-                  data-testid="settings-dev-mode-switch"
                   checked={devModeUnlocked}
                   onCheckedChange={setDevModeUnlocked}
+                  data-testid="settings-dev-mode-switch"
                 />
               </div>
 
@@ -645,7 +669,7 @@ export function Settings() {
                 </h2>
                 <div className="space-y-8">
                   {/* Gateway Proxy */}
-                  <div className="space-y-4">
+                  <div className="space-y-4" data-testid="settings-proxy-section">
                     <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
                       <div>
                         <Label className="text-[14px] font-medium text-foreground/80">Gateway Proxy</Label>
@@ -656,9 +680,26 @@ export function Settings() {
                       <Switch
                         checked={proxyEnabledDraft}
                         onCheckedChange={setProxyEnabledDraft}
+                        data-testid="settings-proxy-toggle"
                       />
                     </div>
 
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-4">
+                      <Button
+                        variant="outline"
+                        onClick={handleSaveProxySettings}
+                        disabled={savingProxy || !proxySettingsDirty}
+                        data-testid="settings-proxy-save-button"
+                        className="rounded-xl h-10 px-5 bg-transparent border-black/10 dark:border-white/10 hover:bg-black/5 dark:hover:bg-white/5"
+                      >
+                        <RefreshCw className={`h-4 w-4 mr-2${savingProxy ? ' animate-spin' : ''}`} />
+                        {savingProxy ? t('common:status.saving') : t('common:actions.save')}
+                      </Button>
+                      <p className="text-[12px] text-muted-foreground">
+                        {t('gateway.proxyRestartNote')}
+                      </p>
+                    </div>
+
                     {proxyEnabledDraft && (
                       <div className="space-y-4 pt-2">
                         <div className="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 gap-4">
@@ -733,20 +774,6 @@ export function Settings() {
                           </p>
                         </div>
 
-                        <div className="flex items-center gap-4 pt-2">
-                          <Button
-                            variant="outline"
-                            onClick={handleSaveProxySettings}
-                            disabled={savingProxy}
-                            className="rounded-xl h-10 px-5 bg-transparent border-black/10 dark:border-white/10 hover:bg-black/5 dark:hover:bg-white/5"
-                          >
-                            <RefreshCw className={`h-4 w-4 mr-2${savingProxy ? ' animate-spin' : ''}`} />
-                            {savingProxy ? t('common:status.saving') : t('common:actions.save')}
-                          </Button>
-                          <p className="text-[12px] text-muted-foreground">
-                            {t('gateway.proxyRestartNote')}
-                          </p>
-                        </div>
                       </div>
                     )}
                   </div>

tests/e2e/settings-proxy.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import type { Locator, Page } from '@playwright/test';
+import { completeSetup, expect, test } from './fixtures/electron';
+
+async function ensureSwitchState(toggle: Locator, checked: boolean): Promise<void> {
+  const currentState = await toggle.getAttribute('data-state');
+  const isChecked = currentState === 'checked';
+  if (isChecked !== checked) {
+    await toggle.click();
+  }
+}
+
+async function readProxyEnabled(page: Page): Promise<boolean> {
+  return await page.evaluate(async () => {
+    const settings = await window.electron.ipcRenderer.invoke('settings:getAll');
+    return Boolean(settings?.proxyEnabled);
+  });
+}
+
+test.describe('ClawX developer proxy settings', () => {
+  test('keeps proxy save available when disabling proxy in developer mode', async ({ page }) => {
+    await completeSetup(page);
+
+    await page.getByTestId('sidebar-nav-settings').click();
+    await expect(page.getByTestId('settings-page')).toBeVisible();
+
+    const devModeToggle = page.getByTestId('settings-dev-mode-switch');
+    await expect(devModeToggle).toBeVisible();
+    await ensureSwitchState(devModeToggle, true);
+
+    const proxySection = page.getByTestId('settings-proxy-section');
+    const proxyToggle = page.getByTestId('settings-proxy-toggle');
+    const proxySaveButton = page.getByTestId('settings-proxy-save-button');
+
+    await expect(proxySection).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(proxyToggle).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(proxySaveButton).toBeVisible();
+
+    await ensureSwitchState(proxyToggle, true);
+    await expect(proxySaveButton).toBeEnabled();
+    await proxySaveButton.click();
+    await expect.poll(async () => await readProxyEnabled(page)).toBe(true);
+
+    await ensureSwitchState(proxyToggle, false);
+    await expect(proxySaveButton).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(proxySaveButton).toBeEnabled();
+    await proxySaveButton.click();
+    await expect.poll(async () => await readProxyEnabled(page)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

tests/e2e/token-usage.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+import { mkdir, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import type { Page } from '@playwright/test';
+import { completeSetup, expect, test } from './fixtures/electron';
+
+const TEST_AGENT_ID = 'agent';
+const ZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID = 'agent-session-zero-token';
+const NONZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID = 'agent-session-nonzero-token';
+const GATEWAY_INJECTED_SESSION_ID = 'agent-session-gateway-injected';
+const DELIVERY_MIRROR_SESSION_ID = 'agent-session-delivery-mirror';
+
+async function seedTokenUsageTranscripts(homeDir: string): Promise<void> {
+  const sessionDir = join(homeDir, '.openclaw', 'agents', TEST_AGENT_ID, 'sessions');
+  const now = new Date();
+  const zeroTimestamp = new Date(now.getTime() - 20_000).toISOString();
+  const nonzeroTimestamp = now.toISOString();
+  await mkdir(sessionDir, { recursive: true });
+  await writeFile(
+    join(sessionDir, `${ZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID}.jsonl`),
+    [
+      JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'message',
+        timestamp: zeroTimestamp,
+        message: {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+          provider: 'kimi',
+          usage: {
+            total_tokens: 0,
+            input_tokens: 0,
+            output_tokens: 0,
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+      '',
+    ].join('\n'),
+    'utf8',
+  );
+  await writeFile(
+    join(sessionDir, `${NONZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID}.jsonl`),
+    [
+      JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'message',
+        timestamp: nonzeroTimestamp,
+        message: {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+          provider: 'kimi',
+          usage: {
+            total_tokens: 27,
+            input_tokens: 20,
+            output_tokens: 7,
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+      '',
+    ].join('\n'),
+    'utf8',
+  );
+  await writeFile(
+    join(sessionDir, `${GATEWAY_INJECTED_SESSION_ID}.jsonl`),
+    [
+      JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'message',
+        timestamp: new Date(now.getTime() - 10_000).toISOString(),
+        message: {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'gateway-injected',
+          usage: {
+            total_tokens: 0,
+            input_tokens: 0,
+            output_tokens: 0,
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+      '',
+    ].join('\n'),
+    'utf8',
+  );
+  await writeFile(
+    join(sessionDir, `${DELIVERY_MIRROR_SESSION_ID}.jsonl`),
+    [
+      JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'message',
+        timestamp: new Date(now.getTime() - 5_000).toISOString(),
+        message: {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'delivery-mirror',
+          usage: {
+            total_tokens: 0,
+            input_tokens: 0,
+            output_tokens: 0,
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+      '',
+    ].join('\n'),
+    'utf8',
+  );
+}
+
+test.describe('ClawX token usage history', () => {
+  async function waitForGatewayRunning(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+    await expect.poll(async () => {
+      const status = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+        return window.electron.ipcRenderer.invoke('gateway:status');
+      });
+
+      if (status?.state === 'running') {
+        return 'running';
+      }
+
+      await page.evaluate(async () => {
+        try {
+          await window.electron.ipcRenderer.invoke('gateway:start');
+        } catch {
+          try {
+            await window.electron.ipcRenderer.invoke('gateway:restart');
+          } catch {
+            // Ignore transient e2e startup failures and let the poll retry.
+          }
+        }
+      });
+
+      return status?.state ?? 'unknown';
+    }, { timeout: 45_000, intervals: [500, 1000, 1500, 2000] }).toBe('running');
+  }
+
+  async function validateUsageHistory(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+    const usageHistory = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      return window.electron.ipcRenderer.invoke('usage:recentTokenHistory', 20);
+    });
+    if (!Array.isArray(usageHistory) || usageHistory.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('No usage history found in IPC usage:recentTokenHistory');
+    }
+
+    const hasSeededEntries = usageHistory.some((entry) =>
+      typeof entry?.sessionId === 'string' && (
+        entry.sessionId === ZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID
+        || entry.sessionId === NONZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID
+      ),
+    );
+    if (!hasSeededEntries) {
+      throw new Error('Seeded transcript session IDs were not found in IPC usage history');
+    }
+  }
+
+  test('displays assistant usage for agent directory with zero and non-zero tokens', async ({ page, homeDir }) => {
+    await seedTokenUsageTranscripts(homeDir);
+    await completeSetup(page);
+    await validateUsageHistory(page);
+
+    const usageHistory = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      return window.electron.ipcRenderer.invoke('usage:recentTokenHistory', 20);
+    });
+
+    const zeroEntry = usageHistory.find((entry) => entry?.sessionId === ZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID);
+    const nonzeroEntry = usageHistory.find((entry) => entry?.sessionId === NONZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID);
+    expect(zeroEntry).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(nonzeroEntry).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(nonzeroEntry?.totalTokens).toBe(27);
+    expect(zeroEntry?.totalTokens).toBe(0);
+    expect(zeroEntry?.agentId).toBe(TEST_AGENT_ID);
+    expect(nonzeroEntry?.agentId).toBe(TEST_AGENT_ID);
+    expect(zeroEntry?.provider).toBe('kimi');
+    expect(nonzeroEntry?.provider).toBe('kimi');
+  });
+
+  test('hides gateway internal usage rows from the usage list overview', async ({ page, homeDir }) => {
+    await seedTokenUsageTranscripts(homeDir);
+    await completeSetup(page);
+    await waitForGatewayRunning(page);
+    await validateUsageHistory(page);
+    await page.getByTestId('sidebar-nav-models').click();
+    await expect(page.getByTestId('models-page')).toBeVisible();
+
+    const seededSessions = [
+      ZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID,
+      NONZERO_TOKEN_SESSION_ID,
+      GATEWAY_INJECTED_SESSION_ID,
+      DELIVERY_MIRROR_SESSION_ID,
+    ];
+    const usageEntryRows = page.getByTestId('token-usage-entry');
+    await expect.poll(async () => await usageEntryRows.count()).toBe(2);
+
+    for (const sessionId of seededSessions) {
+      const row = page.locator('[data-testid="token-usage-entry"]', { hasText: sessionId });
+      if (sessionId === GATEWAY_INJECTED_SESSION_ID || sessionId === DELIVERY_MIRROR_SESSION_ID) {
+        await expect(row).toHaveCount(0);
+      } else {
+        await expect(row).toBeVisible();
+      }
+    }
+
+    await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="token-usage-entry"]', { hasText: GATEWAY_INJECTED_SESSION_ID })).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="token-usage-entry"]', { hasText: DELIVERY_MIRROR_SESSION_ID })).toHaveCount(0);
+  });
+});

tests/unit/token-usage.test.ts

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ describe('parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl', () => {
         agentId: 'default',
         model: 'claude-sonnet',
         provider: 'anthropic',
+        usageStatus: 'available',
         inputTokens: 200,
         outputTokens: 80,
         cacheReadTokens: 25,
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ describe('parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl', () => {
         agentId: 'default',
         model: 'gpt-5',
         provider: 'openai',
+        usageStatus: 'available',
         inputTokens: 100,
         outputTokens: 50,
         cacheReadTokens: 0,
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ describe('parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl', () => {
     expect(parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(jsonl, { sessionId: 'abc', agentId: 'default' })).toEqual([]);
   });
 
-  it('skips tool result entries without positive token usage', () => {
+  it('still skips tool result entries without usage payload', () => {
     const jsonl = [
       JSON.stringify({
         type: 'message',
@@ -100,6 +102,111 @@ describe('parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl', () => {
     expect(parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(jsonl, { sessionId: 'abc', agentId: 'default' })).toEqual([]);
   });
 
+  it('keeps assistant usage entries with zero total tokens when usage is explicitly provided', () => {
+    const jsonl = [
+      JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'message',
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:00:00.000Z',
+        message: {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+          provider: 'moonshot',
+          usage: {
+            total: 0,
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+    ].join('\n');
+
+    expect(parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(jsonl, { sessionId: 'abc', agentId: 'default' })).toEqual([
+      {
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:00:00.000Z',
+        sessionId: 'abc',
+        agentId: 'default',
+        model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+        provider: 'moonshot',
+        usageStatus: 'available',
+        inputTokens: 0,
+        outputTokens: 0,
+        cacheReadTokens: 0,
+        cacheWriteTokens: 0,
+        totalTokens: 0,
+        costUsd: undefined,
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('extracts usage fields from snake_case provider payloads', () => {
+    const jsonl = [
+      JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'message',
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:10:00.000Z',
+        message: {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+          provider: 'moonshot',
+          usage: {
+            input_tokens: 12,
+            output_tokens: 3,
+            cache_read: 4,
+            cache_write: 1,
+            total_tokens: 20,
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+    ].join('\n');
+
+    expect(parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(jsonl, { sessionId: 'abc', agentId: 'default' })).toEqual([
+      {
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:10:00.000Z',
+        sessionId: 'abc',
+        agentId: 'default',
+        model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+        provider: 'moonshot',
+        usageStatus: 'available',
+        inputTokens: 12,
+        outputTokens: 3,
+        cacheReadTokens: 4,
+        cacheWriteTokens: 1,
+        totalTokens: 20,
+        costUsd: undefined,
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('supports tool result usage data without explicit provider/model keys', () => {
+    const jsonl = [
+      JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'message',
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:20:00.000Z',
+        message: {
+          role: 'toolResult',
+          details: {
+            usage: {
+              input_tokens: 10,
+              output_tokens: 20,
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+    ].join('\n');
+
+    expect(parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(jsonl, { sessionId: 'abc', agentId: 'default' })).toEqual([
+      {
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:20:00.000Z',
+        sessionId: 'abc',
+        agentId: 'default',
+        usageStatus: 'available',
+        inputTokens: 10,
+        outputTokens: 20,
+        cacheReadTokens: 0,
+        cacheWriteTokens: 0,
+        totalTokens: 30,
+        costUsd: undefined,
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
   it('uses tool result usage when provided', () => {
     const jsonl = [
       JSON.stringify({
@@ -129,6 +236,7 @@ describe('parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl', () => {
         agentId: 'default',
         model: 'moonshot-v1-128k',
         provider: 'kimi',
+        usageStatus: 'available',
         inputTokens: 120,
         outputTokens: 30,
         cacheReadTokens: 10,
@@ -163,6 +271,7 @@ describe('parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl', () => {
         agentId: 'default',
         model: 'kimi-k2.5',
         provider: 'moonshot',
+        usageStatus: 'available',
         content: '这是一条测试回复内容。',
         inputTokens: 0,
         outputTokens: 0,
@@ -200,6 +309,7 @@ describe('parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl', () => {
         agentId: 'default',
         model: 'moonshot-v1-128k',
         provider: 'kimi',
+        usageStatus: 'available',
         content: '外部搜索原文内容',
         inputTokens: 0,
         outputTokens: 0,
@@ -211,6 +321,70 @@ describe('parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl', () => {
     ]);
   });
 
+  it('maps usage object with no recognized fields to missing state', () => {
+    const jsonl = [
+      JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'message',
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:30:00.000Z',
+        message: {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+          provider: 'moonshot',
+          usage: { notes: 'tool call' },
+        },
+      }),
+    ].join('\n');
+
+    expect(parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(jsonl, { sessionId: 'abc', agentId: 'default' })).toEqual([
+      {
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:30:00.000Z',
+        sessionId: 'abc',
+        agentId: 'default',
+        model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+        provider: 'moonshot',
+        usageStatus: 'missing',
+        inputTokens: 0,
+        outputTokens: 0,
+        cacheReadTokens: 0,
+        cacheWriteTokens: 0,
+        totalTokens: 0,
+        costUsd: undefined,
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('marks non-object usage payload as error', () => {
+    const jsonl = [
+      JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'message',
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:40:00.000Z',
+        message: {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+          provider: 'moonshot',
+          usage: 'invalid',
+        },
+      }),
+    ].join('\n');
+
+    expect(parseUsageEntriesFromJsonl(jsonl, { sessionId: 'abc', agentId: 'default' })).toEqual([
+      {
+        timestamp: '2026-03-10T03:40:00.000Z',
+        sessionId: 'abc',
+        agentId: 'default',
+        model: 'kimi-k2.5',
+        provider: 'moonshot',
+        usageStatus: 'error',
+        inputTokens: 0,
+        outputTokens: 0,
+        cacheReadTokens: 0,
+        cacheWriteTokens: 0,
+        totalTokens: 0,
+        costUsd: undefined,
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
   it('returns all matching entries when no limit is provided', () => {
     const jsonl = [
       JSON.stringify({