fallback model/providers (#259)

Co-authored-by: zuolingxuan <zuolingxuan@bytedance.com>

electron/main/ipc-handlers.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   hasApiKey,
   saveProvider,
   getProvider,
+  getAllProviders,
   deleteProvider,
   setDefaultProvider,
   getDefaultProvider,
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ import { checkUvInstalled, installUv, setupManagedPython } from '../utils/uv-set
 import { updateSkillConfig, getSkillConfig, getAllSkillConfigs } from '../utils/skill-config';
 import { whatsAppLoginManager } from '../utils/whatsapp-login';
 import { getProviderConfig } from '../utils/provider-registry';
+import { getProviderDefaultModel } from '../utils/provider-registry';
 import { deviceOAuthManager, OAuthProviderType } from '../utils/device-oauth';
 import { applyProxySettings } from './proxy';
 import { proxyAwareFetch } from '../utils/proxy-fetch';
@@ -73,6 +75,54 @@ export function getOpenClawProviderKey(type: string, providerId: string): string
   return type;
 }
 
+function getProviderModelRef(config: ProviderConfig): string | undefined {
+  const providerKey = getOpenClawProviderKey(config.type, config.id);
+
+  if (config.model) {
+    return config.model.startsWith(`${providerKey}/`)
+      ? config.model
+      : `${providerKey}/${config.model}`;
+  }
+
+  return getProviderDefaultModel(config.type);
+}
+
+async function getProviderFallbackModelRefs(config: ProviderConfig): Promise<string[]> {
+  const allProviders = await getAllProviders();
+  const providerMap = new Map(allProviders.map((provider) => [provider.id, provider]));
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+  const results: string[] = [];
+  const providerKey = getOpenClawProviderKey(config.type, config.id);
+
+  for (const fallbackModel of config.fallbackModels ?? []) {
+    const normalizedModel = fallbackModel.trim();
+    if (!normalizedModel) continue;
+
+    const modelRef = normalizedModel.startsWith(`${providerKey}/`)
+      ? normalizedModel
+      : `${providerKey}/${normalizedModel}`;
+
+    if (seen.has(modelRef)) continue;
+    seen.add(modelRef);
+    results.push(modelRef);
+  }
+
+  for (const fallbackId of config.fallbackProviderIds ?? []) {
+    if (!fallbackId || fallbackId === config.id) continue;
+
+    const fallbackProvider = providerMap.get(fallbackId);
+    if (!fallbackProvider) continue;
+
+    const modelRef = getProviderModelRef(fallbackProvider);
+    if (!modelRef || seen.has(modelRef)) continue;
+
+    seen.add(modelRef);
+    results.push(modelRef);
+  }
+
+  return results;
+}
+
 /**
  * Register all IPC handlers
  */
@@ -1107,6 +1157,7 @@ function registerProviderHandlers(gatewayManager: GatewayManager): void {
 
         // Sync the provider configuration to openclaw.json so Gateway knows about it
         try {
+          const fallbackModels = await getProviderFallbackModelRefs(nextConfig);
           const meta = getProviderConfig(nextConfig.type);
           const api = nextConfig.type === 'custom' || nextConfig.type === 'ollama' ? 'openai-completions' : meta?.api;
 
@@ -1141,12 +1192,12 @@ function registerProviderHandlers(gatewayManager: GatewayManager): void {
               ? `${ock}/${nextConfig.model}`
               : undefined;
             if (nextConfig.type !== 'custom' && nextConfig.type !== 'ollama') {
-              await setOpenClawDefaultModel(nextConfig.type, modelOverride);
+              await setOpenClawDefaultModel(ock, modelOverride, fallbackModels);
             } else {
               await setOpenClawDefaultModelWithOverride(ock, modelOverride, {
                 baseUrl: nextConfig.baseUrl,
                 api: 'openai-completions',
-              });
+              }, fallbackModels);
             }
           }
 
@@ -1222,6 +1273,7 @@ function registerProviderHandlers(gatewayManager: GatewayManager): void {
         try {
           const ock = getOpenClawProviderKey(provider.type, providerId);
           const providerKey = await getApiKey(providerId);
+          const fallbackModels = await getProviderFallbackModelRefs(provider);
 
           // OAuth providers (qwen-portal, minimax-portal, minimax-portal-cn) might use OAuth OR a direct API key.
           // Treat them as OAuth only if they don't have a local API key configured.
@@ -1240,9 +1292,9 @@ function registerProviderHandlers(gatewayManager: GatewayManager): void {
               await setOpenClawDefaultModelWithOverride(ock, modelOverride, {
                 baseUrl: provider.baseUrl,
                 api: 'openai-completions',
-              });
+              }, fallbackModels);
             } else {
-              await setOpenClawDefaultModel(provider.type, modelOverride);
+              await setOpenClawDefaultModel(ock, modelOverride, fallbackModels);
             }
 
             // Keep auth-profiles in sync with the default provider instance.
@@ -1270,13 +1322,13 @@ function registerProviderHandlers(gatewayManager: GatewayManager): void {
               ? 'minimax-portal'
               : provider.type;
 
-            await setOpenClawDefaultModelWithOverride(targetProviderKey, undefined, {
+            await setOpenClawDefaultModelWithOverride(targetProviderKey, getProviderModelRef(provider), {
               baseUrl,
               api,
               authHeader: targetProviderKey === 'minimax-portal' ? true : undefined,
               // Relies on OpenClaw Gateway native auth-profiles syncing
               apiKeyEnv: targetProviderKey === 'minimax-portal' ? 'minimax-oauth' : 'qwen-oauth',
-            });
+            }, fallbackModels);
 
             logger.info(`Configured openclaw.json for OAuth provider "${provider.type}"`);
 

electron/utils/openclaw-auth.ts

@@ -358,7 +358,11 @@ export function buildProviderEnvVars(providers: Array<{ type: string; apiKey: st
  * Update the OpenClaw config to use the given provider and model
  * Writes to ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json
  */
-export async function setOpenClawDefaultModel(provider: string, modelOverride?: string): Promise<void> {
+export async function setOpenClawDefaultModel(
+  provider: string,
+  modelOverride?: string,
+  fallbackModels: string[] = []
+): Promise<void> {
   const config = await readOpenClawJson();
 
   const model = modelOverride || getProviderDefaultModel(provider);
@@ -370,11 +374,17 @@ export async function setOpenClawDefaultModel(provider: string, modelOverride?:
   const modelId = model.startsWith(`${provider}/`)
     ? model.slice(provider.length + 1)
     : model;
+  const fallbackModelIds = fallbackModels
+    .filter((fallback) => fallback.startsWith(`${provider}/`))
+    .map((fallback) => fallback.slice(provider.length + 1));
 
   // Set the default model for the agents
   const agents = (config.agents || {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
   const defaults = (agents.defaults || {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
-  defaults.model = { primary: model };
+  defaults.model = {
+    primary: model,
+    fallbacks: fallbackModels,
+  };
   agents.defaults = defaults;
   config.agents = agents;
 
@@ -401,8 +411,10 @@ export async function setOpenClawDefaultModel(provider: string, modelOverride?:
         mergedModels.push(item);
       }
     }
-    if (modelId && !mergedModels.some((m) => m.id === modelId)) {
+    for (const candidateModelId of [modelId, ...fallbackModelIds]) {
-      mergedModels.push({ id: modelId, name: modelId });
+      if (candidateModelId && !mergedModels.some((m) => m.id === candidateModelId)) {
+        mergedModels.push({ id: candidateModelId, name: candidateModelId });
+      }
     }
 
     const providerEntry: Record<string, unknown> = {
@@ -500,7 +512,8 @@ export async function syncProviderConfigToOpenClaw(
 export async function setOpenClawDefaultModelWithOverride(
   provider: string,
   modelOverride: string | undefined,
-  override: RuntimeProviderConfigOverride
+  override: RuntimeProviderConfigOverride,
+  fallbackModels: string[] = []
 ): Promise<void> {
   const config = await readOpenClawJson();
 
@@ -513,10 +526,16 @@ export async function setOpenClawDefaultModelWithOverride(
   const modelId = model.startsWith(`${provider}/`)
     ? model.slice(provider.length + 1)
     : model;
+  const fallbackModelIds = fallbackModels
+    .filter((fallback) => fallback.startsWith(`${provider}/`))
+    .map((fallback) => fallback.slice(provider.length + 1));
 
   const agents = (config.agents || {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
   const defaults = (agents.defaults || {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
-  defaults.model = { primary: model };
+  defaults.model = {
+    primary: model,
+    fallbacks: fallbackModels,
+  };
   agents.defaults = defaults;
   config.agents = agents;
 
@@ -525,7 +544,11 @@ export async function setOpenClawDefaultModelWithOverride(
     const providers = (models.providers || {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
 
     const nextModels: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
-    if (modelId) nextModels.push({ id: modelId, name: modelId });
+    for (const candidateModelId of [modelId, ...fallbackModelIds]) {
+      if (candidateModelId && !nextModels.some((entry) => entry.id === candidateModelId)) {
+        nextModels.push({ id: candidateModelId, name: candidateModelId });
+      }
+    }
 
     const nextProvider: Record<string, unknown> = {
       baseUrl: override.baseUrl,

electron/utils/secure-storage.ts

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ export interface ProviderConfig {
   type: ProviderType;
   baseUrl?: string;
   model?: string;
+  fallbackModels?: string[];
+  fallbackProviderIds?: string[];
   enabled: boolean;
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;

src/components/settings/ProvidersSettings.tsx

@@ -36,6 +36,26 @@ import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 
+function normalizeFallbackProviderIds(ids?: string[]): string[] {
+  return Array.from(new Set((ids ?? []).filter(Boolean)));
+}
+
+function fallbackProviderIdsEqual(a?: string[], b?: string[]): boolean {
+  const left = normalizeFallbackProviderIds(a).sort();
+  const right = normalizeFallbackProviderIds(b).sort();
+  return left.length === right.length && left.every((id, index) => id === right[index]);
+}
+
+function normalizeFallbackModels(models?: string[]): string[] {
+  return Array.from(new Set((models ?? []).map((model) => model.trim()).filter(Boolean)));
+}
+
+function fallbackModelsEqual(a?: string[], b?: string[]): boolean {
+  const left = normalizeFallbackModels(a);
+  const right = normalizeFallbackModels(b);
+  return left.length === right.length && left.every((model, index) => model === right[index]);
+}
+
 export function ProvidersSettings() {
   const { t } = useTranslation('settings');
   const {
@@ -144,6 +164,7 @@ export function ProvidersSettings() {
             <ProviderCard
               key={provider.id}
               provider={provider}
+              allProviders={providers}
               isDefault={provider.id === defaultProviderId}
               isEditing={editingProvider === provider.id}
               onEdit={() => setEditingProvider(provider.id)}
@@ -179,6 +200,7 @@ export function ProvidersSettings() {
 
 interface ProviderCardProps {
   provider: ProviderWithKeyInfo;
+  allProviders: ProviderWithKeyInfo[];
   isDefault: boolean;
   isEditing: boolean;
   onEdit: () => void;
@@ -196,6 +218,7 @@ interface ProviderCardProps {
 
 function ProviderCard({
   provider,
+  allProviders,
   isDefault,
   isEditing,
   onEdit,
@@ -209,12 +232,18 @@ function ProviderCard({
   const [newKey, setNewKey] = useState('');
   const [baseUrl, setBaseUrl] = useState(provider.baseUrl || '');
   const [modelId, setModelId] = useState(provider.model || '');
+  const [fallbackModelsText, setFallbackModelsText] = useState(
+    normalizeFallbackModels(provider.fallbackModels).join('\n')
+  );
+  const [fallbackProviderIds, setFallbackProviderIds] = useState<string[]>(
+    normalizeFallbackProviderIds(provider.fallbackProviderIds)
+  );
   const [showKey, setShowKey] = useState(false);
   const [validating, setValidating] = useState(false);
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
 
   const typeInfo = PROVIDER_TYPE_INFO.find((t) => t.id === provider.type);
-  const canEditConfig = Boolean(typeInfo?.showBaseUrl || typeInfo?.showModelId);
+  const canEditModelConfig = Boolean(typeInfo?.showBaseUrl || typeInfo?.showModelId);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (isEditing) {
@@ -222,13 +251,26 @@ function ProviderCard({
       setShowKey(false);
       setBaseUrl(provider.baseUrl || '');
       setModelId(provider.model || '');
+      setFallbackModelsText(normalizeFallbackModels(provider.fallbackModels).join('\n'));
+      setFallbackProviderIds(normalizeFallbackProviderIds(provider.fallbackProviderIds));
     }
-  }, [isEditing, provider.baseUrl, provider.model]);
+  }, [isEditing, provider.baseUrl, provider.fallbackModels, provider.fallbackProviderIds, provider.model]);
+
+  const fallbackOptions = allProviders.filter((candidate) => candidate.id !== provider.id);
+
+  const toggleFallbackProvider = (providerId: string) => {
+    setFallbackProviderIds((current) => (
+      current.includes(providerId)
+        ? current.filter((id) => id !== providerId)
+        : [...current, providerId]
+    ));
+  };
 
   const handleSaveEdits = async () => {
     setSaving(true);
     try {
       const payload: { newApiKey?: string; updates?: Partial<ProviderConfig> } = {};
+      const normalizedFallbackModels = normalizeFallbackModels(fallbackModelsText.split('\n'));
 
       if (newKey.trim()) {
         setValidating(true);
@@ -244,7 +286,7 @@ function ProviderCard({
         payload.newApiKey = newKey.trim();
       }
 
-      if (canEditConfig) {
+      {
         if (typeInfo?.showModelId && !modelId.trim()) {
           toast.error(t('aiProviders.toast.modelRequired'));
           setSaving(false);
@@ -252,12 +294,18 @@ function ProviderCard({
         }
 
         const updates: Partial<ProviderConfig> = {};
-        if ((baseUrl.trim() || undefined) !== (provider.baseUrl || undefined)) {
+        if (typeInfo?.showBaseUrl && (baseUrl.trim() || undefined) !== (provider.baseUrl || undefined)) {
           updates.baseUrl = baseUrl.trim() || undefined;
         }
-        if ((modelId.trim() || undefined) !== (provider.model || undefined)) {
+        if (typeInfo?.showModelId && (modelId.trim() || undefined) !== (provider.model || undefined)) {
           updates.model = modelId.trim() || undefined;
         }
+        if (!fallbackModelsEqual(normalizedFallbackModels, provider.fallbackModels)) {
+          updates.fallbackModels = normalizedFallbackModels;
+        }
+        if (!fallbackProviderIdsEqual(fallbackProviderIds, provider.fallbackProviderIds)) {
+          updates.fallbackProviderIds = normalizeFallbackProviderIds(fallbackProviderIds);
+        }
         if (Object.keys(updates).length > 0) {
           payload.updates = updates;
         }
@@ -308,9 +356,10 @@ function ProviderCard({
 
         {/* Key row */}
         {isEditing ? (
-          <div className="space-y-2">
+          <div className="space-y-4">
-            {canEditConfig && (
+            {canEditModelConfig && (
-              <>
+              <div className="space-y-3 rounded-md border p-3">
+                <p className="text-sm font-medium">{t('aiProviders.sections.model')}</p>
                 {typeInfo?.showBaseUrl && (
                   <div className="space-y-1">
                     <Label className="text-xs">{t('aiProviders.dialog.baseUrl')}</Label>
@@ -333,87 +382,158 @@ function ProviderCard({
                     />
                   </div>
                 )}
-              </>
-            )}
-            {typeInfo?.apiKeyUrl && (
-              <div className="flex justify-start mb-1">
-                <a
-                  href={typeInfo.apiKeyUrl}
-                  target="_blank"
-                  rel="noopener noreferrer"
-                  className="text-xs text-primary hover:underline flex items-center gap-1"
-                  tabIndex={-1}
-                >
-                  {t('aiProviders.oauth.getApiKey')} <ExternalLink className="h-3 w-3" />
-                </a>
               </div>
             )}
-            <div className="flex gap-2">
+            <div className="space-y-3 rounded-md border p-3">
-              <div className="relative flex-1">
+              <p className="text-sm font-medium">{t('aiProviders.sections.fallback')}</p>
-                <Input
+              <div className="space-y-1">
-                  type={showKey ? 'text' : 'password'}
+                <Label className="text-xs">{t('aiProviders.dialog.fallbackModelIds')}</Label>
-                  placeholder={typeInfo?.requiresApiKey ? typeInfo?.placeholder : (typeInfo?.id === 'ollama' ? t('aiProviders.notRequired') : t('aiProviders.card.editKey'))}
+                <textarea
-                  value={newKey}
+                  value={fallbackModelsText}
-                  onChange={(e) => setNewKey(e.target.value)}
+                  onChange={(e) => setFallbackModelsText(e.target.value)}
-                  className="pr-10 h-9 text-sm"
+                  placeholder={t('aiProviders.dialog.fallbackModelIdsPlaceholder')}
+                  className="min-h-24 w-full rounded-md border bg-background px-3 py-2 text-sm outline-none"
                 />
-                <button
+                <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                  type="button"
+                  {t('aiProviders.dialog.fallbackModelIdsHelp')}
-                  onClick={() => setShowKey(!showKey)}
+                </p>
-                  className="absolute right-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground"
-                >
-                  {showKey ? <EyeOff className="h-3.5 w-3.5" /> : <Eye className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />}
-                </button>
               </div>
-              <Button
+              <div className="space-y-2">
-                variant="outline"
+                <Label className="text-xs">{t('aiProviders.dialog.fallbackProviders')}</Label>
-                size="sm"
+                {fallbackOptions.length === 0 ? (
-                onClick={handleSaveEdits}
+                  <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t('aiProviders.dialog.noFallbackOptions')}</p>
-                disabled={
-                  validating
-                  || saving
-                  || (
-                    !newKey.trim()
-                    && (baseUrl.trim() || undefined) === (provider.baseUrl || undefined)
-                    && (modelId.trim() || undefined) === (provider.model || undefined)
-                  )
-                  || Boolean(typeInfo?.showModelId && !modelId.trim())
-                }
-              >
-                {validating || saving ? (
-                  <Loader2 className="h-3.5 w-3.5 animate-spin" />
                 ) : (
-                  <Check className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+                  <div className="space-y-2 rounded-md border p-2">
+                    {fallbackOptions.map((candidate) => (
+                      <label key={candidate.id} className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm">
+                        <input
+                          type="checkbox"
+                          checked={fallbackProviderIds.includes(candidate.id)}
+                          onChange={() => toggleFallbackProvider(candidate.id)}
+                        />
+                        <span className="font-medium">{candidate.name}</span>
+                        <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{candidate.model || candidate.type}</span>
+                      </label>
+                    ))}
+                  </div>
                 )}
-              </Button>
+              </div>
-              <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onClick={onCancelEdit}>
+            </div>
-                <X className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+            <div className="space-y-3 rounded-md border p-3">
-              </Button>
+              <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-3">
+                <div className="space-y-1">
+                  <Label className="text-xs">{t('aiProviders.dialog.apiKey')}</Label>
+                  <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    {provider.hasKey
+                      ? t('aiProviders.dialog.apiKeyConfigured')
+                      : t('aiProviders.dialog.apiKeyMissing')}
+                  </p>
+                </div>
+                {provider.hasKey ? (
+                  <Badge variant="secondary">{t('aiProviders.card.configured')}</Badge>
+                ) : null}
+              </div>
+              {typeInfo?.apiKeyUrl && (
+                <div className="flex justify-start">
+                  <a
+                    href={typeInfo.apiKeyUrl}
+                    target="_blank"
+                    rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                    className="text-xs text-primary hover:underline flex items-center gap-1"
+                    tabIndex={-1}
+                  >
+                    {t('aiProviders.oauth.getApiKey')} <ExternalLink className="h-3 w-3" />
+                  </a>
+                </div>
+              )}
+              <div className="space-y-1">
+                <Label className="text-xs">{t('aiProviders.dialog.replaceApiKey')}</Label>
+                <div className="flex gap-2">
+                  <div className="relative flex-1">
+                    <Input
+                      type={showKey ? 'text' : 'password'}
+                      placeholder={typeInfo?.requiresApiKey ? typeInfo?.placeholder : (typeInfo?.id === 'ollama' ? t('aiProviders.notRequired') : t('aiProviders.card.editKey'))}
+                      value={newKey}
+                      onChange={(e) => setNewKey(e.target.value)}
+                      className="pr-10 h-9 text-sm"
+                    />
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      onClick={() => setShowKey(!showKey)}
+                      className="absolute right-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground"
+                    >
+                      {showKey ? <EyeOff className="h-3.5 w-3.5" /> : <Eye className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />}
+                    </button>
+                  </div>
+                  <Button
+                    variant="outline"
+                    size="sm"
+                    onClick={handleSaveEdits}
+                    disabled={
+                      validating
+                      || saving
+                      || (
+                        !newKey.trim()
+                        && (baseUrl.trim() || undefined) === (provider.baseUrl || undefined)
+                        && (modelId.trim() || undefined) === (provider.model || undefined)
+                        && fallbackModelsEqual(normalizeFallbackModels(fallbackModelsText.split('\n')), provider.fallbackModels)
+                        && fallbackProviderIdsEqual(fallbackProviderIds, provider.fallbackProviderIds)
+                      )
+                      || Boolean(typeInfo?.showModelId && !modelId.trim())
+                    }
+                  >
+                    {validating || saving ? (
+                      <Loader2 className="h-3.5 w-3.5 animate-spin" />
+                    ) : (
+                      <Check className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+                    )}
+                  </Button>
+                  <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onClick={onCancelEdit}>
+                    <X className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+                <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                  {t('aiProviders.dialog.replaceApiKeyHelp')}
+                </p>
+              </div>
             </div>
           </div>
         ) : (
           <div className="flex items-center justify-between rounded-md bg-muted/50 px-3 py-2">
-            <div className="flex items-center gap-2 min-w-0">
+            <div className="min-w-0 space-y-1">
-              {typeInfo?.isOAuth ? (
+              <div className="flex items-center gap-2 min-w-0">
-                <>
+                {typeInfo?.isOAuth ? (
-                  <Key className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground shrink-0" />
+                  <>
-                  <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-xs shrink-0">{t('aiProviders.card.configured')}</Badge>
+                    <Key className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground shrink-0" />
-                </>
-              ) : (
-                <>
-                  <Key className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground shrink-0" />
-                  <span className="text-sm font-mono text-muted-foreground truncate">
-                    {provider.hasKey
-                      ? (provider.keyMasked && provider.keyMasked.length > 12
-                        ? `${provider.keyMasked.substring(0, 4)}...${provider.keyMasked.substring(provider.keyMasked.length - 4)}`
-                        : provider.keyMasked)
-                      : t('aiProviders.card.noKey')}
-                  </span>
-                  {provider.hasKey && (
                     <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-xs shrink-0">{t('aiProviders.card.configured')}</Badge>
-                  )}
+                  </>
-                </>
+                ) : (
-              )}
+                  <>
+                    <Key className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground shrink-0" />
+                    <span className="text-sm font-mono text-muted-foreground truncate">
+                      {provider.hasKey
+                        ? (provider.keyMasked && provider.keyMasked.length > 12
+                          ? `${provider.keyMasked.substring(0, 4)}...${provider.keyMasked.substring(provider.keyMasked.length - 4)}`
+                          : provider.keyMasked)
+                        : t('aiProviders.card.noKey')}
+                    </span>
+                    {provider.hasKey && (
+                      <Badge variant="secondary" className="text-xs shrink-0">{t('aiProviders.card.configured')}</Badge>
+                    )}
+                  </>
+                )}
+              </div>
+              <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground truncate">
+                {t('aiProviders.card.fallbacks', {
+                  count: (provider.fallbackModels?.length ?? 0) + (provider.fallbackProviderIds?.length ?? 0),
+                  names: [
+                    ...normalizeFallbackModels(provider.fallbackModels),
+                    ...normalizeFallbackProviderIds(provider.fallbackProviderIds)
+                      .map((fallbackId) => allProviders.find((candidate) => candidate.id === fallbackId)?.name)
+                      .filter(Boolean),
+                  ].join(', ') || t('aiProviders.card.none'),
+                })}
+              </p>
             </div>
             <div className="flex gap-0.5 shrink-0 ml-2">
               <Button

src/i18n/locales/en/settings.json

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
   "aiProviders": {
     "title": "AI Providers",
     "description": "Configure your AI model providers and API keys",
+    "sections": {
+      "model": "Model Settings",
+      "fallback": "Fallback Settings"
+    },
     "add": "Add Provider",
     "custom": "Custom",
     "notRequired": "Not required",
@@ -26,9 +30,19 @@
       "desc": "Configure a new AI model provider",
       "displayName": "Display Name",
       "apiKey": "API Key",
+      "apiKeyConfigured": "An API key is already stored for this provider.",
+      "apiKeyMissing": "No API key is stored for this provider yet.",
       "apiKeyStored": "Your API key is stored locally on your machine.",
+      "replaceApiKey": "Replace API Key",
+      "replaceApiKeyHelp": "Leave this field empty if you want to keep the currently stored API key.",
       "baseUrl": "Base URL",
       "modelId": "Model ID",
+      "fallbackModels": "Fallback Models",
+      "fallbackProviders": "Fallback Providers",
+      "fallbackModelIds": "Fallback Model IDs",
+      "fallbackModelIdsPlaceholder": "gpt-4.1-mini\nanother-model-id",
+      "fallbackModelIdsHelp": "One model ID per line. These models use the current provider config before falling back to other providers.",
+      "noFallbackOptions": "Add another provider first to use it as a fallback target.",
       "cancel": "Cancel",
       "change": "Change provider",
       "add": "Add Provider",
@@ -39,6 +53,9 @@
       "default": "Default",
       "configured": "Configured",
       "noKey": "No API key set",
+      "none": "None",
+      "fallbacks_one": "Fallback: {{names}}",
+      "fallbacks_other": "Fallbacks ({{count}}): {{names}}",
       "setDefault": "Set as default",
       "editKey": "Edit API key",
       "delete": "Delete provider"

src/i18n/locales/ja/settings.json

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
   "aiProviders": {
     "title": "AI プロバイダー",
     "description": "AI モデルプロバイダーと API キーを設定",
+    "sections": {
+      "model": "モデル設定",
+      "fallback": "フォールバック設定"
+    },
     "add": "プロバイダーを追加",
     "custom": "カスタム",
     "notRequired": "不要",
@@ -26,9 +30,19 @@
       "desc": "新しい AI モデルプロバイダーを構成",
       "displayName": "表示名",
       "apiKey": "API キー",
+      "apiKeyConfigured": "このプロバイダーには API キーが保存されています。",
+      "apiKeyMissing": "このプロバイダーにはまだ API キーが保存されていません。",
       "apiKeyStored": "API キーはローカルマシンに保存されます。",
+      "replaceApiKey": "API キーを置き換える",
+      "replaceApiKeyHelp": "現在保存されている API キーをそのまま使う場合は、この欄を空のままにしてください。",
       "baseUrl": "ベース URL",
       "modelId": "モデル ID",
+      "fallbackModels": "フォールバックモデル",
+      "fallbackProviders": "別プロバイダーへのフォールバック",
+      "fallbackModelIds": "同一プロバイダーのフォールバックモデル ID",
+      "fallbackModelIdsPlaceholder": "gpt-4.1-mini\nanother-model-id",
+      "fallbackModelIdsHelp": "1 行につき 1 つのモデル ID を指定します。まず現在のプロバイダー内でこれらを試し、その後ほかのプロバイダーへフォールバックします。",
+      "noFallbackOptions": "フォールバック先にするには、先に別のプロバイダーを追加してください。",
       "cancel": "キャンセル",
       "change": "プロバイダーを変更",
       "add": "プロバイダーを追加",
@@ -39,6 +53,9 @@
       "default": "デフォルト",
       "configured": "構成済み",
       "noKey": "API キー未設定",
+      "none": "なし",
+      "fallbacks_one": "フォールバック: {{names}}",
+      "fallbacks_other": "フォールバック ({{count}}): {{names}}",
       "setDefault": "デフォルトに設定",
       "editKey": "API キーを編集",
       "delete": "プロバイダーを削除"
@@ -53,7 +70,8 @@
       "updated": "プロバイダーが更新されました",
       "failedUpdate": "プロバイダーの更新に失敗しました",
       "invalidKey": "無効な API キー",
-      "modelRequired": "モデル ID が必要です"
+      "modelRequired": "モデル ID が必要です",
+      "minimaxConflict": "MiniMax (Global) と MiniMax (CN) は同時に追加できません。"
     },
     "oauth": {
       "loginMode": "OAuthログイン",

src/i18n/locales/zh/settings.json

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
   "aiProviders": {
     "title": "AI 模型提供商",
     "description": "配置 AI 模型提供商和 API 密钥",
+    "sections": {
+      "model": "模型配置",
+      "fallback": "回退配置"
+    },
     "add": "添加提供商",
     "custom": "自定义",
     "notRequired": "非必填",
@@ -26,9 +30,19 @@
       "desc": "配置新的 AI 模型提供商",
       "displayName": "显示名称",
       "apiKey": "API 密钥",
+      "apiKeyConfigured": "这个 provider 已经保存了 API key。",
+      "apiKeyMissing": "这个 provider 还没有保存 API key。",
       "apiKeyStored": "您的 API 密钥存储在本地机器上。",
+      "replaceApiKey": "替换 API Key",
+      "replaceApiKeyHelp": "如果想保留当前已保存的 API key，这里留空即可。",
       "baseUrl": "基础 URL",
       "modelId": "模型 ID",
+      "fallbackModels": "回退模型",
+      "fallbackProviders": "跨 Provider 回退",
+      "fallbackModelIds": "同 Provider 回退模型 ID",
+      "fallbackModelIdsPlaceholder": "gpt-4.1-mini\nanother-model-id",
+      "fallbackModelIdsHelp": "每行一个模型 ID。会先使用当前 provider 的这些模型，再回退到其他 provider。",
+      "noFallbackOptions": "请先添加其他 provider，才能把它设为回退目标。",
       "cancel": "取消",
       "change": "更换提供商",
       "add": "添加提供商",
@@ -39,6 +53,9 @@
       "default": "默认",
       "configured": "已配置",
       "noKey": "未设置 API 密钥",
+      "none": "无",
+      "fallbacks_one": "回退：{{names}}",
+      "fallbacks_other": "回退（{{count}} 个）：{{names}}",
       "setDefault": "设为默认",
       "editKey": "编辑 API 密钥",
       "delete": "删除提供商"

src/lib/providers.ts

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ export interface ProviderConfig {
   type: ProviderType;
   baseUrl?: string;
   model?: string;
+  fallbackModels?: string[];
+  fallbackProviderIds?: string[];
   enabled: boolean;
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;