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+---
+name: Convex Security Check
+description: Quick security audit checklist covering authentication, function exposure, argument validation, row-level access control, and environment variable handling
+version: 1.0.0
+author: Convex
+tags: [convex, security, authentication, authorization, checklist]
+---
+
+# Convex Security Check
+
+A quick security audit checklist for Convex applications covering authentication, function exposure, argument validation, row-level access control, and environment variable handling.
+
+## Documentation Sources
+
+Before implementing, do not assume; fetch the latest documentation:
+
+- Primary: https://docs.convex.dev/auth
+- Production Security: https://docs.convex.dev/production
+- Functions Auth: https://docs.convex.dev/auth/functions-auth
+- For broader context: https://docs.convex.dev/llms.txt
+
+## Instructions
+
+### Security Checklist
+
+Use this checklist to quickly audit your Convex application's security:
+
+#### 1. Authentication
+
+- [ ] Authentication provider configured (Clerk, Auth0, etc.)
+- [ ] All sensitive queries check `ctx.auth.getUserIdentity()`
+- [ ] Unauthenticated access explicitly allowed where intended
+- [ ] Session tokens properly validated
+
+#### 2. Function Exposure
+
+- [ ] Public functions (`query`, `mutation`, `action`) reviewed
+- [ ] Internal functions use `internalQuery`, `internalMutation`, `internalAction`
+- [ ] No sensitive operations exposed as public functions
+- [ ] HTTP actions validate origin/authentication
+
+#### 3. Argument Validation
+
+- [ ] All functions have explicit `args` validators
+- [ ] All functions have explicit `returns` validators
+- [ ] No `v.any()` used for sensitive data
+- [ ] ID validators use correct table names
+
+#### 4. Row-Level Access Control
+
+- [ ] Users can only access their own data
+- [ ] Admin functions check user roles
+- [ ] Shared resources have proper access checks
+- [ ] Deletion functions verify ownership
+
+#### 5. Environment Variables
+
+- [ ] API keys stored in environment variables
+- [ ] No secrets in code or schema
+- [ ] Different keys for dev/prod environments
+- [ ] Environment variables accessed only in actions
+
+### Authentication Check
+
+```typescript
+// convex/auth.ts
+import { query, mutation } from "./_generated/server";
+import { v } from "convex/values";
+import { ConvexError } from "convex/values";
+
+// Helper to require authentication
+async function requireAuth(ctx: QueryCtx | MutationCtx) {
+  const identity = await ctx.auth.getUserIdentity();
+  if (!identity) {
+    throw new ConvexError("Authentication required");
+  }
+  return identity;
+}
+
+// Secure query pattern
+export const getMyProfile = query({
+  args: {},
+  returns: v.union(v.object({
+    _id: v.id("users"),
+    name: v.string(),
+    email: v.string(),
+  }), v.null()),
+  handler: async (ctx) => {
+    const identity = await requireAuth(ctx);
+    
+    return await ctx.db
+      .query("users")
+      .withIndex("by_tokenIdentifier", (q) => 
+        q.eq("tokenIdentifier", identity.tokenIdentifier)
+      )
+      .unique();
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Function Exposure Check
+
+```typescript
+// PUBLIC - Exposed to clients (review carefully!)
+export const listPublicPosts = query({
+  args: {},
+  returns: v.array(v.object({ /* ... */ })),
+  handler: async (ctx) => {
+    // Anyone can call this - intentionally public
+    return await ctx.db
+      .query("posts")
+      .withIndex("by_public", (q) => q.eq("isPublic", true))
+      .collect();
+  },
+});
+
+// INTERNAL - Only callable from other Convex functions
+export const _updateUserCredits = internalMutation({
+  args: { userId: v.id("users"), amount: v.number() },
+  returns: v.null(),
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    // This cannot be called directly from clients
+    await ctx.db.patch(args.userId, {
+      credits: args.amount,
+    });
+    return null;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Argument Validation Check
+
+```typescript
+// GOOD: Strict validation
+export const createPost = mutation({
+  args: {
+    title: v.string(),
+    content: v.string(),
+    category: v.union(
+      v.literal("tech"),
+      v.literal("news"),
+      v.literal("other")
+    ),
+  },
+  returns: v.id("posts"),
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const identity = await requireAuth(ctx);
+    return await ctx.db.insert("posts", {
+      ...args,
+      authorId: identity.tokenIdentifier,
+    });
+  },
+});
+
+// BAD: Weak validation
+export const createPostUnsafe = mutation({
+  args: {
+    data: v.any(), // DANGEROUS: Allows any data
+  },
+  returns: v.id("posts"),
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    return await ctx.db.insert("posts", args.data);
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Row-Level Access Control Check
+
+```typescript
+// Verify ownership before update
+export const updateTask = mutation({
+  args: {
+    taskId: v.id("tasks"),
+    title: v.string(),
+  },
+  returns: v.null(),
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const identity = await requireAuth(ctx);
+    
+    const task = await ctx.db.get(args.taskId);
+    
+    // Check ownership
+    if (!task || task.userId !== identity.tokenIdentifier) {
+      throw new ConvexError("Not authorized to update this task");
+    }
+    
+    await ctx.db.patch(args.taskId, { title: args.title });
+    return null;
+  },
+});
+
+// Verify ownership before delete
+export const deleteTask = mutation({
+  args: { taskId: v.id("tasks") },
+  returns: v.null(),
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const identity = await requireAuth(ctx);
+    
+    const task = await ctx.db.get(args.taskId);
+    
+    if (!task || task.userId !== identity.tokenIdentifier) {
+      throw new ConvexError("Not authorized to delete this task");
+    }
+    
+    await ctx.db.delete(args.taskId);
+    return null;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Environment Variables Check
+
+```typescript
+// convex/actions.ts
+"use node";
+
+import { action } from "./_generated/server";
+import { v } from "convex/values";
+
+export const sendEmail = action({
+  args: {
+    to: v.string(),
+    subject: v.string(),
+    body: v.string(),
+  },
+  returns: v.object({ success: v.boolean() }),
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    // Access API key from environment
+    const apiKey = process.env.RESEND_API_KEY;
+    
+    if (!apiKey) {
+      throw new Error("RESEND_API_KEY not configured");
+    }
+    
+    const response = await fetch("https://api.resend.com/emails", {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: {
+        "Authorization": `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        from: "noreply@example.com",
+        to: args.to,
+        subject: args.subject,
+        html: args.body,
+      }),
+    });
+    
+    return { success: response.ok };
+  },
+});
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Complete Security Pattern
+
+```typescript
+// convex/secure.ts
+import { query, mutation, internalMutation } from "./_generated/server";
+import { v } from "convex/values";
+import { ConvexError } from "convex/values";
+
+// Authentication helper
+async function getAuthenticatedUser(ctx: QueryCtx | MutationCtx) {
+  const identity = await ctx.auth.getUserIdentity();
+  if (!identity) {
+    throw new ConvexError({
+      code: "UNAUTHENTICATED",
+      message: "You must be logged in",
+    });
+  }
+  
+  const user = await ctx.db
+    .query("users")
+    .withIndex("by_tokenIdentifier", (q) => 
+      q.eq("tokenIdentifier", identity.tokenIdentifier)
+    )
+    .unique();
+    
+  if (!user) {
+    throw new ConvexError({
+      code: "USER_NOT_FOUND",
+      message: "User profile not found",
+    });
+  }
+  
+  return user;
+}
+
+// Check admin role
+async function requireAdmin(ctx: QueryCtx | MutationCtx) {
+  const user = await getAuthenticatedUser(ctx);
+  
+  if (user.role !== "admin") {
+    throw new ConvexError({
+      code: "FORBIDDEN",
+      message: "Admin access required",
+    });
+  }
+  
+  return user;
+}
+
+// Public: List own tasks
+export const listMyTasks = query({
+  args: {},
+  returns: v.array(v.object({
+    _id: v.id("tasks"),
+    title: v.string(),
+    completed: v.boolean(),
+  })),
+  handler: async (ctx) => {
+    const user = await getAuthenticatedUser(ctx);
+    
+    return await ctx.db
+      .query("tasks")
+      .withIndex("by_user", (q) => q.eq("userId", user._id))
+      .collect();
+  },
+});
+
+// Admin only: List all users
+export const listAllUsers = query({
+  args: {},
+  returns: v.array(v.object({
+    _id: v.id("users"),
+    name: v.string(),
+    role: v.string(),
+  })),
+  handler: async (ctx) => {
+    await requireAdmin(ctx);
+    
+    return await ctx.db.query("users").collect();
+  },
+});
+
+// Internal: Update user role (never exposed)
+export const _setUserRole = internalMutation({
+  args: {
+    userId: v.id("users"),
+    role: v.union(v.literal("user"), v.literal("admin")),
+  },
+  returns: v.null(),
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    await ctx.db.patch(args.userId, { role: args.role });
+    return null;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- Never run `npx convex deploy` unless explicitly instructed
+- Never run any git commands unless explicitly instructed
+- Always verify user identity before returning sensitive data
+- Use internal functions for sensitive operations
+- Validate all arguments with strict validators
+- Check ownership before update/delete operations
+- Store API keys in environment variables
+- Review all public functions for security implications
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+
+1. **Missing authentication checks** - Always verify identity
+2. **Exposing internal operations** - Use internalMutation/Query
+3. **Trusting client-provided IDs** - Verify ownership
+4. **Using v.any() for arguments** - Use specific validators
+5. **Hardcoding secrets** - Use environment variables
+
+## References
+
+- Convex Documentation: https://docs.convex.dev/
+- Convex LLMs.txt: https://docs.convex.dev/llms.txt
+- Authentication: https://docs.convex.dev/auth
+- Production Security: https://docs.convex.dev/production
+- Functions Auth: https://docs.convex.dev/auth/functions-auth