Fix project isolation: Make loadChatHistory respect active project sessions

- Modified loadChatHistory() to check for active project before fetching all sessions
- When active project exists, use project.sessions instead of fetching from API
- Added detailed console logging to debug session filtering
- This prevents ALL sessions from appearing in every project's sidebar

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+from .client.session import ClientSession
+from .client.session_group import ClientSessionGroup
+from .client.stdio import StdioServerParameters, stdio_client
+from .server.session import ServerSession
+from .server.stdio import stdio_server
+from .shared.exceptions import McpError, UrlElicitationRequiredError
+from .types import (
+    CallToolRequest,
+    ClientCapabilities,
+    ClientNotification,
+    ClientRequest,
+    ClientResult,
+    CompleteRequest,
+    CreateMessageRequest,
+    CreateMessageResult,
+    CreateMessageResultWithTools,
+    ErrorData,
+    GetPromptRequest,
+    GetPromptResult,
+    Implementation,
+    IncludeContext,
+    InitializedNotification,
+    InitializeRequest,
+    InitializeResult,
+    JSONRPCError,
+    JSONRPCRequest,
+    JSONRPCResponse,
+    ListPromptsRequest,
+    ListPromptsResult,
+    ListResourcesRequest,
+    ListResourcesResult,
+    ListToolsResult,
+    LoggingLevel,
+    LoggingMessageNotification,
+    Notification,
+    PingRequest,
+    ProgressNotification,
+    PromptsCapability,
+    ReadResourceRequest,
+    ReadResourceResult,
+    Resource,
+    ResourcesCapability,
+    ResourceUpdatedNotification,
+    RootsCapability,
+    SamplingCapability,
+    SamplingContent,
+    SamplingContextCapability,
+    SamplingMessage,
+    SamplingMessageContentBlock,
+    SamplingToolsCapability,
+    ServerCapabilities,
+    ServerNotification,
+    ServerRequest,
+    ServerResult,
+    SetLevelRequest,
+    StopReason,
+    SubscribeRequest,
+    Tool,
+    ToolChoice,
+    ToolResultContent,
+    ToolsCapability,
+    ToolUseContent,
+    UnsubscribeRequest,
+)
+from .types import (
+    Role as SamplingRole,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CallToolRequest",
+    "ClientCapabilities",
+    "ClientNotification",
+    "ClientRequest",
+    "ClientResult",
+    "ClientSession",
+    "ClientSessionGroup",
+    "CompleteRequest",
+    "CreateMessageRequest",
+    "CreateMessageResult",
+    "CreateMessageResultWithTools",
+    "ErrorData",
+    "GetPromptRequest",
+    "GetPromptResult",
+    "Implementation",
+    "IncludeContext",
+    "InitializeRequest",
+    "InitializeResult",
+    "InitializedNotification",
+    "JSONRPCError",
+    "JSONRPCRequest",
+    "JSONRPCResponse",
+    "ListPromptsRequest",
+    "ListPromptsResult",
+    "ListResourcesRequest",
+    "ListResourcesResult",
+    "ListToolsResult",
+    "LoggingLevel",
+    "LoggingMessageNotification",
+    "McpError",
+    "Notification",
+    "PingRequest",
+    "ProgressNotification",
+    "PromptsCapability",
+    "ReadResourceRequest",
+    "ReadResourceResult",
+    "Resource",
+    "ResourcesCapability",
+    "ResourceUpdatedNotification",
+    "RootsCapability",
+    "SamplingCapability",
+    "SamplingContent",
+    "SamplingContextCapability",
+    "SamplingMessage",
+    "SamplingMessageContentBlock",
+    "SamplingRole",
+    "SamplingToolsCapability",
+    "ServerCapabilities",
+    "ServerNotification",
+    "ServerRequest",
+    "ServerResult",
+    "ServerSession",
+    "SetLevelRequest",
+    "StdioServerParameters",
+    "StopReason",
+    "SubscribeRequest",
+    "Tool",
+    "ToolChoice",
+    "ToolResultContent",
+    "ToolsCapability",
+    "ToolUseContent",
+    "UnsubscribeRequest",
+    "UrlElicitationRequiredError",
+    "stdio_client",
+    "stdio_server",
+]

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/cli/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""FastMCP CLI package."""
+
+from .cli import app
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    app()

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/cli/claude.py

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+"""Claude app integration utilities."""
+
+import json
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import get_logger
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+MCP_PACKAGE = "mcp[cli]"
+
+
+def get_claude_config_path() -> Path | None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Get the Claude config directory based on platform."""
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        path = Path(Path.home(), "AppData", "Roaming", "Claude")
+    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
+        path = Path(Path.home(), "Library", "Application Support", "Claude")
+    elif sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+        path = Path(os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", Path.home() / ".config"), "Claude")
+    else:
+        return None
+
+    if path.exists():
+        return path
+    return None
+
+
+def get_uv_path() -> str:
+    """Get the full path to the uv executable."""
+    uv_path = shutil.which("uv")
+    if not uv_path:  # pragma: no cover
+        logger.error(
+            "uv executable not found in PATH, falling back to 'uv'. Please ensure uv is installed and in your PATH"
+        )
+        return "uv"  # Fall back to just "uv" if not found
+    return uv_path
+
+
+def update_claude_config(
+    file_spec: str,
+    server_name: str,
+    *,
+    with_editable: Path | None = None,
+    with_packages: list[str] | None = None,
+    env_vars: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+) -> bool:
+    """Add or update a FastMCP server in Claude's configuration.
+
+    Args:
+        file_spec: Path to the server file, optionally with :object suffix
+        server_name: Name for the server in Claude's config
+        with_editable: Optional directory to install in editable mode
+        with_packages: Optional list of additional packages to install
+        env_vars: Optional dictionary of environment variables. These are merged with
+            any existing variables, with new values taking precedence.
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: If Claude Desktop's config directory is not found, indicating
+            Claude Desktop may not be installed or properly set up.
+    """
+    config_dir = get_claude_config_path()
+    uv_path = get_uv_path()
+    if not config_dir:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Claude Desktop config directory not found. Please ensure Claude Desktop"
+            " is installed and has been run at least once to initialize its config."
+        )
+
+    config_file = config_dir / "claude_desktop_config.json"
+    if not config_file.exists():  # pragma: no cover
+        try:
+            config_file.write_text("{}")
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "Failed to create Claude config file",
+                extra={
+                    "config_file": str(config_file),
+                },
+            )
+            return False
+
+    try:
+        config = json.loads(config_file.read_text())
+        if "mcpServers" not in config:
+            config["mcpServers"] = {}
+
+        # Always preserve existing env vars and merge with new ones
+        if server_name in config["mcpServers"] and "env" in config["mcpServers"][server_name]:  # pragma: no cover
+            existing_env = config["mcpServers"][server_name]["env"]
+            if env_vars:
+                # New vars take precedence over existing ones
+                env_vars = {**existing_env, **env_vars}
+            else:
+                env_vars = existing_env
+
+        # Build uv run command
+        args = ["run", "--frozen"]
+
+        # Collect all packages in a set to deduplicate
+        packages = {MCP_PACKAGE}
+        if with_packages:  # pragma: no cover
+            packages.update(pkg for pkg in with_packages if pkg)
+
+        # Add all packages with --with
+        for pkg in sorted(packages):
+            args.extend(["--with", pkg])
+
+        if with_editable:  # pragma: no cover
+            args.extend(["--with-editable", str(with_editable)])
+
+        # Convert file path to absolute before adding to command
+        # Split off any :object suffix first
+        if ":" in file_spec:
+            file_path, server_object = file_spec.rsplit(":", 1)
+            file_spec = f"{Path(file_path).resolve()}:{server_object}"
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            file_spec = str(Path(file_spec).resolve())
+
+        # Add fastmcp run command
+        args.extend(["mcp", "run", file_spec])
+
+        server_config: dict[str, Any] = {"command": uv_path, "args": args}
+
+        # Add environment variables if specified
+        if env_vars:  # pragma: no cover
+            server_config["env"] = env_vars
+
+        config["mcpServers"][server_name] = server_config
+
+        config_file.write_text(json.dumps(config, indent=2))
+        logger.info(
+            f"Added server '{server_name}' to Claude config",
+            extra={"config_file": str(config_file)},
+        )
+        return True
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+        logger.exception(
+            "Failed to update Claude config",
+            extra={
+                "config_file": str(config_file),
+            },
+        )
+        return False

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/cli/cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+"""MCP CLI tools."""
+
+import importlib.metadata
+import importlib.util
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+from mcp.server import FastMCP
+from mcp.server import Server as LowLevelServer
+
+try:
+    import typer
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    print("Error: typer is required. Install with 'pip install mcp[cli]'")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+try:
+    from mcp.cli import claude
+    from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.logging import get_logger
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    print("Error: mcp.server.fastmcp is not installed or not in PYTHONPATH")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+try:
+    import dotenv
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    dotenv = None
+
+logger = get_logger("cli")
+
+app = typer.Typer(
+    name="mcp",
+    help="MCP development tools",
+    add_completion=False,
+    no_args_is_help=True,  # Show help if no args provided
+)
+
+
+def _get_npx_command():
+    """Get the correct npx command for the current platform."""
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        # Try both npx.cmd and npx.exe on Windows
+        for cmd in ["npx.cmd", "npx.exe", "npx"]:
+            try:
+                subprocess.run([cmd, "--version"], check=True, capture_output=True, shell=True)
+                return cmd
+            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+                continue
+        return None
+    return "npx"  # On Unix-like systems, just use npx
+
+
+def _parse_env_var(env_var: str) -> tuple[str, str]:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Parse environment variable string in format KEY=VALUE."""
+    if "=" not in env_var:
+        logger.error(f"Invalid environment variable format: {env_var}. Must be KEY=VALUE")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    key, value = env_var.split("=", 1)
+    return key.strip(), value.strip()
+
+
+def _build_uv_command(
+    file_spec: str,
+    with_editable: Path | None = None,
+    with_packages: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Build the uv run command that runs an MCP server through mcp run."""
+    cmd = ["uv"]
+
+    cmd.extend(["run", "--with", "mcp"])
+
+    if with_editable:
+        cmd.extend(["--with-editable", str(with_editable)])
+
+    if with_packages:
+        for pkg in with_packages:
+            if pkg:  # pragma: no cover
+                cmd.extend(["--with", pkg])
+
+    # Add mcp run command
+    cmd.extend(["mcp", "run", file_spec])
+    return cmd
+
+
+def _parse_file_path(file_spec: str) -> tuple[Path, str | None]:
+    """Parse a file path that may include a server object specification.
+
+    Args:
+        file_spec: Path to file, optionally with :object suffix
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (file_path, server_object)
+    """
+    # First check if we have a Windows path (e.g., C:\...)
+    has_windows_drive = len(file_spec) > 1 and file_spec[1] == ":"
+
+    # Split on the last colon, but only if it's not part of the Windows drive letter
+    # and there's actually another colon in the string after the drive letter
+    if ":" in (file_spec[2:] if has_windows_drive else file_spec):
+        file_str, server_object = file_spec.rsplit(":", 1)
+    else:
+        file_str, server_object = file_spec, None
+
+    # Resolve the file path
+    file_path = Path(file_str).expanduser().resolve()
+    if not file_path.exists():
+        logger.error(f"File not found: {file_path}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    if not file_path.is_file():
+        logger.error(f"Not a file: {file_path}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    return file_path, server_object
+
+
+def _import_server(file: Path, server_object: str | None = None):  # pragma: no cover
+    """Import an MCP server from a file.
+
+    Args:
+        file: Path to the file
+        server_object: Optional object name in format "module:object" or just "object"
+
+    Returns:
+        The server object
+    """
+    # Add parent directory to Python path so imports can be resolved
+    file_dir = str(file.parent)
+    if file_dir not in sys.path:
+        sys.path.insert(0, file_dir)
+
+    # Import the module
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("server_module", file)
+    if not spec or not spec.loader:
+        logger.error("Could not load module", extra={"file": str(file)})
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+
+    def _check_server_object(server_object: Any, object_name: str):
+        """Helper function to check that the server object is supported
+
+        Args:
+            server_object: The server object to check.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if it's supported.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(server_object, FastMCP):
+            logger.error(f"The server object {object_name} is of type {type(server_object)} (expecting {FastMCP}).")
+            if isinstance(server_object, LowLevelServer):
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Note that only FastMCP server is supported. Low level Server class is not yet supported."
+                )
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    # If no object specified, try common server names
+    if not server_object:
+        # Look for the most common server object names
+        for name in ["mcp", "server", "app"]:
+            if hasattr(module, name):
+                if not _check_server_object(getattr(module, name), f"{file}:{name}"):
+                    logger.error(f"Ignoring object '{file}:{name}' as it's not a valid server object")
+                    continue
+                return getattr(module, name)
+
+        logger.error(
+            f"No server object found in {file}. Please either:\n"
+            "1. Use a standard variable name (mcp, server, or app)\n"
+            "2. Specify the object name with file:object syntax"
+            "3. If the server creates the FastMCP object within main() "
+            "   or another function, refactor the FastMCP object to be a "
+            "   global variable named mcp, server, or app.",
+            extra={"file": str(file)},
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Handle module:object syntax
+    if ":" in server_object:
+        module_name, object_name = server_object.split(":", 1)
+        try:
+            server_module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
+            server = getattr(server_module, object_name, None)
+        except ImportError:
+            logger.error(
+                f"Could not import module '{module_name}'",
+                extra={"file": str(file)},
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+    else:
+        # Just object name
+        server = getattr(module, server_object, None)
+
+    if server is None:
+        logger.error(
+            f"Server object '{server_object}' not found",
+            extra={"file": str(file)},
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if not _check_server_object(server, server_object):
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    return server
+
+
+@app.command()
+def version() -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Show the MCP version."""
+    try:
+        version = importlib.metadata.version("mcp")
+        print(f"MCP version {version}")
+    except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
+        print("MCP version unknown (package not installed)")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+@app.command()
+def dev(
+    file_spec: str = typer.Argument(
+        ...,
+        help="Python file to run, optionally with :object suffix",
+    ),
+    with_editable: Annotated[
+        Path | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--with-editable",
+            "-e",
+            help="Directory containing pyproject.toml to install in editable mode",
+            exists=True,
+            file_okay=False,
+            resolve_path=True,
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    with_packages: Annotated[
+        list[str],
+        typer.Option(
+            "--with",
+            help="Additional packages to install",
+        ),
+    ] = [],
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Run an MCP server with the MCP Inspector."""
+    file, server_object = _parse_file_path(file_spec)
+
+    logger.debug(
+        "Starting dev server",
+        extra={
+            "file": str(file),
+            "server_object": server_object,
+            "with_editable": str(with_editable) if with_editable else None,
+            "with_packages": with_packages,
+        },
+    )
+
+    try:
+        # Import server to get dependencies
+        server = _import_server(file, server_object)
+        if hasattr(server, "dependencies"):
+            with_packages = list(set(with_packages + server.dependencies))
+
+        uv_cmd = _build_uv_command(file_spec, with_editable, with_packages)
+
+        # Get the correct npx command
+        npx_cmd = _get_npx_command()
+        if not npx_cmd:
+            logger.error(
+                "npx not found. Please ensure Node.js and npm are properly installed and added to your system PATH."
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        # Run the MCP Inspector command with shell=True on Windows
+        shell = sys.platform == "win32"
+        process = subprocess.run(
+            [npx_cmd, "@modelcontextprotocol/inspector"] + uv_cmd,
+            check=True,
+            shell=shell,
+            env=dict(os.environ.items()),  # Convert to list of tuples for env update
+        )
+        sys.exit(process.returncode)
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        logger.error(
+            "Dev server failed",
+            extra={
+                "file": str(file),
+                "error": str(e),
+                "returncode": e.returncode,
+            },
+        )
+        sys.exit(e.returncode)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        logger.error(
+            "npx not found. Please ensure Node.js and npm are properly installed "
+            "and added to your system PATH. You may need to restart your terminal "
+            "after installation.",
+            extra={"file": str(file)},
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+@app.command()
+def run(
+    file_spec: str = typer.Argument(
+        ...,
+        help="Python file to run, optionally with :object suffix",
+    ),
+    transport: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--transport",
+            "-t",
+            help="Transport protocol to use (stdio or sse)",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Run an MCP server.
+
+    The server can be specified in two ways:\n
+    1. Module approach: server.py - runs the module directly, expecting a server.run() call.\n
+    2. Import approach: server.py:app - imports and runs the specified server object.\n\n
+
+    Note: This command runs the server directly. You are responsible for ensuring
+    all dependencies are available.\n
+    For dependency management, use `mcp install` or `mcp dev` instead.
+    """  # noqa: E501
+    file, server_object = _parse_file_path(file_spec)
+
+    logger.debug(
+        "Running server",
+        extra={
+            "file": str(file),
+            "server_object": server_object,
+            "transport": transport,
+        },
+    )
+
+    try:
+        # Import and get server object
+        server = _import_server(file, server_object)
+
+        # Run the server
+        kwargs = {}
+        if transport:
+            kwargs["transport"] = transport
+
+        server.run(**kwargs)
+
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception(
+            "Failed to run server",
+            extra={
+                "file": str(file),
+            },
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+@app.command()
+def install(
+    file_spec: str = typer.Argument(
+        ...,
+        help="Python file to run, optionally with :object suffix",
+    ),
+    server_name: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--name",
+            "-n",
+            help="Custom name for the server (defaults to server's name attribute or file name)",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    with_editable: Annotated[
+        Path | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--with-editable",
+            "-e",
+            help="Directory containing pyproject.toml to install in editable mode",
+            exists=True,
+            file_okay=False,
+            resolve_path=True,
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    with_packages: Annotated[
+        list[str],
+        typer.Option(
+            "--with",
+            help="Additional packages to install",
+        ),
+    ] = [],
+    env_vars: Annotated[
+        list[str],
+        typer.Option(
+            "--env-var",
+            "-v",
+            help="Environment variables in KEY=VALUE format",
+        ),
+    ] = [],
+    env_file: Annotated[
+        Path | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--env-file",
+            "-f",
+            help="Load environment variables from a .env file",
+            exists=True,
+            file_okay=True,
+            dir_okay=False,
+            resolve_path=True,
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Install an MCP server in the Claude desktop app.
+
+    Environment variables are preserved once added and only updated if new values
+    are explicitly provided.
+    """
+    file, server_object = _parse_file_path(file_spec)
+
+    logger.debug(
+        "Installing server",
+        extra={
+            "file": str(file),
+            "server_name": server_name,
+            "server_object": server_object,
+            "with_editable": str(with_editable) if with_editable else None,
+            "with_packages": with_packages,
+        },
+    )
+
+    if not claude.get_claude_config_path():
+        logger.error("Claude app not found")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Try to import server to get its name, but fall back to file name if dependencies
+    # missing
+    name = server_name
+    server = None
+    if not name:
+        try:
+            server = _import_server(file, server_object)
+            name = server.name
+        except (ImportError, ModuleNotFoundError) as e:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Could not import server (likely missing dependencies), using file name",
+                extra={"error": str(e)},
+            )
+            name = file.stem
+
+    # Get server dependencies if available
+    server_dependencies = getattr(server, "dependencies", []) if server else []
+    if server_dependencies:
+        with_packages = list(set(with_packages + server_dependencies))
+
+    # Process environment variables if provided
+    env_dict: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    if env_file or env_vars:
+        env_dict = {}
+        # Load from .env file if specified
+        if env_file:
+            if dotenv:
+                try:
+                    env_dict |= {k: v for k, v in dotenv.dotenv_values(env_file).items() if v is not None}
+                except (OSError, ValueError):
+                    logger.exception("Failed to load .env file")
+                    sys.exit(1)
+            else:
+                logger.error("python-dotenv is not installed. Cannot load .env file.")
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+        # Add command line environment variables
+        for env_var in env_vars:
+            key, value = _parse_env_var(env_var)
+            env_dict[key] = value
+
+    if claude.update_claude_config(
+        file_spec,
+        name,
+        with_editable=with_editable,
+        with_packages=with_packages,
+        env_vars=env_dict,
+    ):
+        logger.info(f"Successfully installed {name} in Claude app")
+    else:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to install {name} in Claude app")
+        sys.exit(1)

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import argparse
+import logging
+import sys
+from functools import partial
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+import anyio
+from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+
+import mcp.types as types
+from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
+from mcp.client.sse import sse_client
+from mcp.client.stdio import StdioServerParameters, stdio_client
+from mcp.shared.message import SessionMessage
+from mcp.shared.session import RequestResponder
+
+if not sys.warnoptions:
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
+
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+logger = logging.getLogger("client")
+
+
+async def message_handler(
+    message: RequestResponder[types.ServerRequest, types.ClientResult] | types.ServerNotification | Exception,
+) -> None:
+    if isinstance(message, Exception):
+        logger.error("Error: %s", message)
+        return
+
+    logger.info("Received message from server: %s", message)
+
+
+async def run_session(
+    read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage | Exception],
+    write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage],
+    client_info: types.Implementation | None = None,
+):
+    async with ClientSession(
+        read_stream,
+        write_stream,
+        message_handler=message_handler,
+        client_info=client_info,
+    ) as session:
+        logger.info("Initializing session")
+        await session.initialize()
+        logger.info("Initialized")
+
+
+async def main(command_or_url: str, args: list[str], env: list[tuple[str, str]]):
+    env_dict = dict(env)
+
+    if urlparse(command_or_url).scheme in ("http", "https"):
+        # Use SSE client for HTTP(S) URLs
+        async with sse_client(command_or_url) as streams:
+            await run_session(*streams)
+    else:
+        # Use stdio client for commands
+        server_parameters = StdioServerParameters(command=command_or_url, args=args, env=env_dict)
+        async with stdio_client(server_parameters) as streams:
+            await run_session(*streams)
+
+
+def cli():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("command_or_url", help="Command or URL to connect to")
+    parser.add_argument("args", nargs="*", help="Additional arguments")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-e",
+        "--env",
+        nargs=2,
+        action="append",
+        metavar=("KEY", "VALUE"),
+        help="Environment variables to set. Can be used multiple times.",
+        default=[],
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    anyio.run(partial(main, args.command_or_url, args.args, args.env), backend="trio")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/auth/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""
+OAuth2 Authentication implementation for HTTPX.
+
+Implements authorization code flow with PKCE and automatic token refresh.
+"""
+
+from mcp.client.auth.exceptions import OAuthFlowError, OAuthRegistrationError, OAuthTokenError
+from mcp.client.auth.oauth2 import (
+    OAuthClientProvider,
+    PKCEParameters,
+    TokenStorage,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "OAuthClientProvider",
+    "OAuthFlowError",
+    "OAuthRegistrationError",
+    "OAuthTokenError",
+    "PKCEParameters",
+    "TokenStorage",
+]

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/auth/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class OAuthFlowError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for OAuth flow errors."""
+
+
+class OAuthTokenError(OAuthFlowError):
+    """Raised when token operations fail."""
+
+
+class OAuthRegistrationError(OAuthFlowError):
+    """Raised when client registration fails."""

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/auth/extensions/client_credentials.py

@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+"""
+OAuth client credential extensions for MCP.
+
+Provides OAuth providers for machine-to-machine authentication flows:
+- ClientCredentialsOAuthProvider: For client_credentials with client_id + client_secret
+- PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider: For client_credentials with private_key_jwt authentication
+  (typically using a pre-built JWT from workload identity federation)
+- RFC7523OAuthClientProvider: For jwt-bearer grant (RFC 7523 Section 2.1)
+"""
+
+import time
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from typing import Any, Literal
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import httpx
+import jwt
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+from mcp.client.auth import OAuthClientProvider, OAuthFlowError, OAuthTokenError, TokenStorage
+from mcp.shared.auth import OAuthClientInformationFull, OAuthClientMetadata
+
+
+class ClientCredentialsOAuthProvider(OAuthClientProvider):
+    """OAuth provider for client_credentials grant with client_id + client_secret.
+
+    This provider sets client_info directly, bypassing dynamic client registration.
+    Use this when you already have client credentials (client_id and client_secret).
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        provider = ClientCredentialsOAuthProvider(
+            server_url="https://api.example.com",
+            storage=my_token_storage,
+            client_id="my-client-id",
+            client_secret="my-client-secret",
+        )
+        ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        server_url: str,
+        storage: TokenStorage,
+        client_id: str,
+        client_secret: str,
+        token_endpoint_auth_method: Literal["client_secret_basic", "client_secret_post"] = "client_secret_basic",
+        scopes: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize client_credentials OAuth provider.
+
+        Args:
+            server_url: The MCP server URL.
+            storage: Token storage implementation.
+            client_id: The OAuth client ID.
+            client_secret: The OAuth client secret.
+            token_endpoint_auth_method: Authentication method for token endpoint.
+                Either "client_secret_basic" (default) or "client_secret_post".
+            scopes: Optional space-separated list of scopes to request.
+        """
+        # Build minimal client_metadata for the base class
+        client_metadata = OAuthClientMetadata(
+            redirect_uris=None,
+            grant_types=["client_credentials"],
+            token_endpoint_auth_method=token_endpoint_auth_method,
+            scope=scopes,
+        )
+        super().__init__(server_url, client_metadata, storage, None, None, 300.0)
+        # Store client_info to be set during _initialize - no dynamic registration needed
+        self._fixed_client_info = OAuthClientInformationFull(
+            redirect_uris=None,
+            client_id=client_id,
+            client_secret=client_secret,
+            grant_types=["client_credentials"],
+            token_endpoint_auth_method=token_endpoint_auth_method,
+            scope=scopes,
+        )
+
+    async def _initialize(self) -> None:
+        """Load stored tokens and set pre-configured client_info."""
+        self.context.current_tokens = await self.context.storage.get_tokens()
+        self.context.client_info = self._fixed_client_info
+        self._initialized = True
+
+    async def _perform_authorization(self) -> httpx.Request:
+        """Perform client_credentials authorization."""
+        return await self._exchange_token_client_credentials()
+
+    async def _exchange_token_client_credentials(self) -> httpx.Request:
+        """Build token exchange request for client_credentials grant."""
+        token_data: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "grant_type": "client_credentials",
+        }
+
+        headers: dict[str, str] = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+
+        # Use standard auth methods (client_secret_basic, client_secret_post, none)
+        token_data, headers = self.context.prepare_token_auth(token_data, headers)
+
+        if self.context.should_include_resource_param(self.context.protocol_version):
+            token_data["resource"] = self.context.get_resource_url()
+
+        if self.context.client_metadata.scope:
+            token_data["scope"] = self.context.client_metadata.scope
+
+        token_url = self._get_token_endpoint()
+        return httpx.Request("POST", token_url, data=token_data, headers=headers)
+
+
+def static_assertion_provider(token: str) -> Callable[[str], Awaitable[str]]:
+    """Create an assertion provider that returns a static JWT token.
+
+    Use this when you have a pre-built JWT (e.g., from workload identity federation)
+    that doesn't need the audience parameter.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        provider = PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider(
+            server_url="https://api.example.com",
+            storage=my_token_storage,
+            client_id="my-client-id",
+            assertion_provider=static_assertion_provider(my_prebuilt_jwt),
+        )
+        ```
+
+    Args:
+        token: The pre-built JWT assertion string.
+
+    Returns:
+        An async callback suitable for use as an assertion_provider.
+    """
+
+    async def provider(audience: str) -> str:
+        return token
+
+    return provider
+
+
+class SignedJWTParameters(BaseModel):
+    """Parameters for creating SDK-signed JWT assertions.
+
+    Use `create_assertion_provider()` to create an assertion provider callback
+    for use with `PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider`.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        jwt_params = SignedJWTParameters(
+            issuer="my-client-id",
+            subject="my-client-id",
+            signing_key=private_key_pem,
+        )
+        provider = PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider(
+            server_url="https://api.example.com",
+            storage=my_token_storage,
+            client_id="my-client-id",
+            assertion_provider=jwt_params.create_assertion_provider(),
+        )
+        ```
+    """
+
+    issuer: str = Field(description="Issuer for JWT assertions (typically client_id).")
+    subject: str = Field(description="Subject identifier for JWT assertions (typically client_id).")
+    signing_key: str = Field(description="Private key for JWT signing (PEM format).")
+    signing_algorithm: str = Field(default="RS256", description="Algorithm for signing JWT assertions.")
+    lifetime_seconds: int = Field(default=300, description="Lifetime of generated JWT in seconds.")
+    additional_claims: dict[str, Any] | None = Field(default=None, description="Additional claims.")
+
+    def create_assertion_provider(self) -> Callable[[str], Awaitable[str]]:
+        """Create an assertion provider callback for use with PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider.
+
+        Returns:
+            An async callback that takes the audience (authorization server issuer URL)
+            and returns a signed JWT assertion.
+        """
+
+        async def provider(audience: str) -> str:
+            now = int(time.time())
+            claims: dict[str, Any] = {
+                "iss": self.issuer,
+                "sub": self.subject,
+                "aud": audience,
+                "exp": now + self.lifetime_seconds,
+                "iat": now,
+                "jti": str(uuid4()),
+            }
+            if self.additional_claims:
+                claims.update(self.additional_claims)
+
+            return jwt.encode(claims, self.signing_key, algorithm=self.signing_algorithm)
+
+        return provider
+
+
+class PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider(OAuthClientProvider):
+    """OAuth provider for client_credentials grant with private_key_jwt authentication.
+
+    Uses RFC 7523 Section 2.2 for client authentication via JWT assertion.
+
+    The JWT assertion's audience MUST be the authorization server's issuer identifier
+    (per RFC 7523bis security updates). The `assertion_provider` callback receives
+    this audience value and must return a JWT with that audience.
+
+    **Option 1: Pre-built JWT via Workload Identity Federation**
+
+    In production scenarios, the JWT assertion is typically obtained from a workload
+    identity provider (e.g., GCP, AWS IAM, Azure AD):
+
+        ```python
+        async def get_workload_identity_token(audience: str) -> str:
+            # Fetch JWT from your identity provider
+            # The JWT's audience must match the provided audience parameter
+            return await fetch_token_from_identity_provider(audience=audience)
+
+        provider = PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider(
+            server_url="https://api.example.com",
+            storage=my_token_storage,
+            client_id="my-client-id",
+            assertion_provider=get_workload_identity_token,
+        )
+        ```
+
+    **Option 2: Static pre-built JWT**
+
+    If you have a static JWT that doesn't need the audience parameter:
+
+        ```python
+        provider = PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider(
+            server_url="https://api.example.com",
+            storage=my_token_storage,
+            client_id="my-client-id",
+            assertion_provider=static_assertion_provider(my_prebuilt_jwt),
+        )
+        ```
+
+    **Option 3: SDK-signed JWT (for testing/simple setups)**
+
+    For testing or simple deployments, use `SignedJWTParameters.create_assertion_provider()`:
+
+        ```python
+        jwt_params = SignedJWTParameters(
+            issuer="my-client-id",
+            subject="my-client-id",
+            signing_key=private_key_pem,
+        )
+        provider = PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider(
+            server_url="https://api.example.com",
+            storage=my_token_storage,
+            client_id="my-client-id",
+            assertion_provider=jwt_params.create_assertion_provider(),
+        )
+        ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        server_url: str,
+        storage: TokenStorage,
+        client_id: str,
+        assertion_provider: Callable[[str], Awaitable[str]],
+        scopes: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize private_key_jwt OAuth provider.
+
+        Args:
+            server_url: The MCP server URL.
+            storage: Token storage implementation.
+            client_id: The OAuth client ID.
+            assertion_provider: Async callback that takes the audience (authorization
+                server's issuer identifier) and returns a JWT assertion. Use
+                `SignedJWTParameters.create_assertion_provider()` for SDK-signed JWTs,
+                `static_assertion_provider()` for pre-built JWTs, or provide your own
+                callback for workload identity federation.
+            scopes: Optional space-separated list of scopes to request.
+        """
+        # Build minimal client_metadata for the base class
+        client_metadata = OAuthClientMetadata(
+            redirect_uris=None,
+            grant_types=["client_credentials"],
+            token_endpoint_auth_method="private_key_jwt",
+            scope=scopes,
+        )
+        super().__init__(server_url, client_metadata, storage, None, None, 300.0)
+        self._assertion_provider = assertion_provider
+        # Store client_info to be set during _initialize - no dynamic registration needed
+        self._fixed_client_info = OAuthClientInformationFull(
+            redirect_uris=None,
+            client_id=client_id,
+            grant_types=["client_credentials"],
+            token_endpoint_auth_method="private_key_jwt",
+            scope=scopes,
+        )
+
+    async def _initialize(self) -> None:
+        """Load stored tokens and set pre-configured client_info."""
+        self.context.current_tokens = await self.context.storage.get_tokens()
+        self.context.client_info = self._fixed_client_info
+        self._initialized = True
+
+    async def _perform_authorization(self) -> httpx.Request:
+        """Perform client_credentials authorization with private_key_jwt."""
+        return await self._exchange_token_client_credentials()
+
+    async def _add_client_authentication_jwt(self, *, token_data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Add JWT assertion for client authentication to token endpoint parameters."""
+        if not self.context.oauth_metadata:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("Missing OAuth metadata for private_key_jwt flow")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        # Audience MUST be the issuer identifier of the authorization server
+        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-rfc7523bis-01
+        audience = str(self.context.oauth_metadata.issuer)
+        assertion = await self._assertion_provider(audience)
+
+        # RFC 7523 Section 2.2: client authentication via JWT
+        token_data["client_assertion"] = assertion
+        token_data["client_assertion_type"] = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer"
+
+    async def _exchange_token_client_credentials(self) -> httpx.Request:
+        """Build token exchange request for client_credentials grant with private_key_jwt."""
+        token_data: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "grant_type": "client_credentials",
+        }
+
+        headers: dict[str, str] = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+
+        # Add JWT client authentication (RFC 7523 Section 2.2)
+        await self._add_client_authentication_jwt(token_data=token_data)
+
+        if self.context.should_include_resource_param(self.context.protocol_version):
+            token_data["resource"] = self.context.get_resource_url()
+
+        if self.context.client_metadata.scope:
+            token_data["scope"] = self.context.client_metadata.scope
+
+        token_url = self._get_token_endpoint()
+        return httpx.Request("POST", token_url, data=token_data, headers=headers)
+
+
+class JWTParameters(BaseModel):
+    """JWT parameters."""
+
+    assertion: str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="JWT assertion for JWT authentication. "
+        "Will be used instead of generating a new assertion if provided.",
+    )
+
+    issuer: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Issuer for JWT assertions.")
+    subject: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Subject identifier for JWT assertions.")
+    audience: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Audience for JWT assertions.")
+    claims: dict[str, Any] | None = Field(default=None, description="Additional claims for JWT assertions.")
+    jwt_signing_algorithm: str | None = Field(default="RS256", description="Algorithm for signing JWT assertions.")
+    jwt_signing_key: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Private key for JWT signing.")
+    jwt_lifetime_seconds: int = Field(default=300, description="Lifetime of generated JWT in seconds.")
+
+    def to_assertion(self, with_audience_fallback: str | None = None) -> str:
+        if self.assertion is not None:
+            # Prebuilt JWT (e.g. acquired out-of-band)
+            assertion = self.assertion
+        else:
+            if not self.jwt_signing_key:
+                raise OAuthFlowError("Missing signing key for JWT bearer grant")  # pragma: no cover
+            if not self.issuer:
+                raise OAuthFlowError("Missing issuer for JWT bearer grant")  # pragma: no cover
+            if not self.subject:
+                raise OAuthFlowError("Missing subject for JWT bearer grant")  # pragma: no cover
+
+            audience = self.audience if self.audience else with_audience_fallback
+            if not audience:
+                raise OAuthFlowError("Missing audience for JWT bearer grant")  # pragma: no cover
+
+            now = int(time.time())
+            claims: dict[str, Any] = {
+                "iss": self.issuer,
+                "sub": self.subject,
+                "aud": audience,
+                "exp": now + self.jwt_lifetime_seconds,
+                "iat": now,
+                "jti": str(uuid4()),
+            }
+            claims.update(self.claims or {})
+
+            assertion = jwt.encode(
+                claims,
+                self.jwt_signing_key,
+                algorithm=self.jwt_signing_algorithm or "RS256",
+            )
+        return assertion
+
+
+class RFC7523OAuthClientProvider(OAuthClientProvider):
+    """OAuth client provider for RFC 7523 jwt-bearer grant.
+
+    .. deprecated::
+        Use :class:`ClientCredentialsOAuthProvider` for client_credentials with
+        client_id + client_secret, or :class:`PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider` for
+        client_credentials with private_key_jwt authentication instead.
+
+    This provider supports the jwt-bearer authorization grant (RFC 7523 Section 2.1)
+    where the JWT itself is the authorization grant.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        server_url: str,
+        client_metadata: OAuthClientMetadata,
+        storage: TokenStorage,
+        redirect_handler: Callable[[str], Awaitable[None]] | None = None,
+        callback_handler: Callable[[], Awaitable[tuple[str, str | None]]] | None = None,
+        timeout: float = 300.0,
+        jwt_parameters: JWTParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "RFC7523OAuthClientProvider is deprecated. Use ClientCredentialsOAuthProvider "
+            "or PrivateKeyJWTOAuthProvider instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        super().__init__(server_url, client_metadata, storage, redirect_handler, callback_handler, timeout)
+        self.jwt_parameters = jwt_parameters
+
+    async def _exchange_token_authorization_code(
+        self, auth_code: str, code_verifier: str, *, token_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> httpx.Request:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Build token exchange request for authorization_code flow."""
+        token_data = token_data or {}
+        if self.context.client_metadata.token_endpoint_auth_method == "private_key_jwt":
+            self._add_client_authentication_jwt(token_data=token_data)
+        return await super()._exchange_token_authorization_code(auth_code, code_verifier, token_data=token_data)
+
+    async def _perform_authorization(self) -> httpx.Request:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Perform the authorization flow."""
+        if "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer" in self.context.client_metadata.grant_types:
+            token_request = await self._exchange_token_jwt_bearer()
+            return token_request
+        else:
+            return await super()._perform_authorization()
+
+    def _add_client_authentication_jwt(self, *, token_data: dict[str, Any]):  # pragma: no cover
+        """Add JWT assertion for client authentication to token endpoint parameters."""
+        if not self.jwt_parameters:
+            raise OAuthTokenError("Missing JWT parameters for private_key_jwt flow")
+        if not self.context.oauth_metadata:
+            raise OAuthTokenError("Missing OAuth metadata for private_key_jwt flow")
+
+        # We need to set the audience to the issuer identifier of the authorization server
+        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-rfc7523bis-01#name-updates-to-rfc-7523
+        issuer = str(self.context.oauth_metadata.issuer)
+        assertion = self.jwt_parameters.to_assertion(with_audience_fallback=issuer)
+
+        # When using private_key_jwt, in a client_credentials flow, we use RFC 7523 Section 2.2
+        token_data["client_assertion"] = assertion
+        token_data["client_assertion_type"] = "urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer"
+        # We need to set the audience to the resource server, the audience is difference from the one in claims
+        # it represents the resource server that will validate the token
+        token_data["audience"] = self.context.get_resource_url()
+
+    async def _exchange_token_jwt_bearer(self) -> httpx.Request:
+        """Build token exchange request for JWT bearer grant."""
+        if not self.context.client_info:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("Missing client info")  # pragma: no cover
+        if not self.jwt_parameters:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("Missing JWT parameters")  # pragma: no cover
+        if not self.context.oauth_metadata:
+            raise OAuthTokenError("Missing OAuth metadata")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        # We need to set the audience to the issuer identifier of the authorization server
+        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-rfc7523bis-01#name-updates-to-rfc-7523
+        issuer = str(self.context.oauth_metadata.issuer)
+        assertion = self.jwt_parameters.to_assertion(with_audience_fallback=issuer)
+
+        token_data = {
+            "grant_type": "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer",
+            "assertion": assertion,
+        }
+
+        if self.context.should_include_resource_param(self.context.protocol_version):  # pragma: no branch
+            token_data["resource"] = self.context.get_resource_url()
+
+        if self.context.client_metadata.scope:  # pragma: no branch
+            token_data["scope"] = self.context.client_metadata.scope
+
+        token_url = self._get_token_endpoint()
+        return httpx.Request(
+            "POST", token_url, data=token_data, headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+        )

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/auth/oauth2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+"""
+OAuth2 Authentication implementation for HTTPX.
+
+Implements authorization code flow with PKCE and automatic token refresh.
+"""
+
+import base64
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import secrets
+import string
+import time
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Awaitable, Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Protocol
+from urllib.parse import quote, urlencode, urljoin, urlparse
+
+import anyio
+import httpx
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ValidationError
+
+from mcp.client.auth.exceptions import OAuthFlowError, OAuthTokenError
+from mcp.client.auth.utils import (
+    build_oauth_authorization_server_metadata_discovery_urls,
+    build_protected_resource_metadata_discovery_urls,
+    create_client_info_from_metadata_url,
+    create_client_registration_request,
+    create_oauth_metadata_request,
+    extract_field_from_www_auth,
+    extract_resource_metadata_from_www_auth,
+    extract_scope_from_www_auth,
+    get_client_metadata_scopes,
+    handle_auth_metadata_response,
+    handle_protected_resource_response,
+    handle_registration_response,
+    handle_token_response_scopes,
+    is_valid_client_metadata_url,
+    should_use_client_metadata_url,
+)
+from mcp.client.streamable_http import MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION
+from mcp.shared.auth import (
+    OAuthClientInformationFull,
+    OAuthClientMetadata,
+    OAuthMetadata,
+    OAuthToken,
+    ProtectedResourceMetadata,
+)
+from mcp.shared.auth_utils import (
+    calculate_token_expiry,
+    check_resource_allowed,
+    resource_url_from_server_url,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PKCEParameters(BaseModel):
+    """PKCE (Proof Key for Code Exchange) parameters."""
+
+    code_verifier: str = Field(..., min_length=43, max_length=128)
+    code_challenge: str = Field(..., min_length=43, max_length=128)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate(cls) -> "PKCEParameters":
+        """Generate new PKCE parameters."""
+        code_verifier = "".join(secrets.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "-._~") for _ in range(128))
+        digest = hashlib.sha256(code_verifier.encode()).digest()
+        code_challenge = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(digest).decode().rstrip("=")
+        return cls(code_verifier=code_verifier, code_challenge=code_challenge)
+
+
+class TokenStorage(Protocol):
+    """Protocol for token storage implementations."""
+
+    async def get_tokens(self) -> OAuthToken | None:
+        """Get stored tokens."""
+        ...
+
+    async def set_tokens(self, tokens: OAuthToken) -> None:
+        """Store tokens."""
+        ...
+
+    async def get_client_info(self) -> OAuthClientInformationFull | None:
+        """Get stored client information."""
+        ...
+
+    async def set_client_info(self, client_info: OAuthClientInformationFull) -> None:
+        """Store client information."""
+        ...
+
+
+@dataclass
+class OAuthContext:
+    """OAuth flow context."""
+
+    server_url: str
+    client_metadata: OAuthClientMetadata
+    storage: TokenStorage
+    redirect_handler: Callable[[str], Awaitable[None]] | None
+    callback_handler: Callable[[], Awaitable[tuple[str, str | None]]] | None
+    timeout: float = 300.0
+    client_metadata_url: str | None = None
+
+    # Discovered metadata
+    protected_resource_metadata: ProtectedResourceMetadata | None = None
+    oauth_metadata: OAuthMetadata | None = None
+    auth_server_url: str | None = None
+    protocol_version: str | None = None
+
+    # Client registration
+    client_info: OAuthClientInformationFull | None = None
+
+    # Token management
+    current_tokens: OAuthToken | None = None
+    token_expiry_time: float | None = None
+
+    # State
+    lock: anyio.Lock = field(default_factory=anyio.Lock)
+
+    def get_authorization_base_url(self, server_url: str) -> str:
+        """Extract base URL by removing path component."""
+        parsed = urlparse(server_url)
+        return f"{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}"
+
+    def update_token_expiry(self, token: OAuthToken) -> None:
+        """Update token expiry time using shared util function."""
+        self.token_expiry_time = calculate_token_expiry(token.expires_in)
+
+    def is_token_valid(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if current token is valid."""
+        return bool(
+            self.current_tokens
+            and self.current_tokens.access_token
+            and (not self.token_expiry_time or time.time() <= self.token_expiry_time)
+        )
+
+    def can_refresh_token(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if token can be refreshed."""
+        return bool(self.current_tokens and self.current_tokens.refresh_token and self.client_info)
+
+    def clear_tokens(self) -> None:
+        """Clear current tokens."""
+        self.current_tokens = None
+        self.token_expiry_time = None
+
+    def get_resource_url(self) -> str:
+        """Get resource URL for RFC 8707.
+
+        Uses PRM resource if it's a valid parent, otherwise uses canonical server URL.
+        """
+        resource = resource_url_from_server_url(self.server_url)
+
+        # If PRM provides a resource that's a valid parent, use it
+        if self.protected_resource_metadata and self.protected_resource_metadata.resource:
+            prm_resource = str(self.protected_resource_metadata.resource)
+            if check_resource_allowed(requested_resource=resource, configured_resource=prm_resource):
+                resource = prm_resource
+
+        return resource
+
+    def should_include_resource_param(self, protocol_version: str | None = None) -> bool:
+        """Determine if the resource parameter should be included in OAuth requests.
+
+        Returns True if:
+        - Protected resource metadata is available, OR
+        - MCP-Protocol-Version header is 2025-06-18 or later
+        """
+        # If we have protected resource metadata, include the resource param
+        if self.protected_resource_metadata is not None:
+            return True
+
+        # If no protocol version provided, don't include resource param
+        if not protocol_version:
+            return False
+
+        # Check if protocol version is 2025-06-18 or later
+        # Version format is YYYY-MM-DD, so string comparison works
+        return protocol_version >= "2025-06-18"
+
+    def prepare_token_auth(
+        self, data: dict[str, str], headers: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, str], dict[str, str]]:
+        """Prepare authentication for token requests.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The form data to send
+            headers: Optional headers dict to update
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (updated_data, updated_headers)
+        """
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}  # pragma: no cover
+
+        if not self.client_info:
+            return data, headers  # pragma: no cover
+
+        auth_method = self.client_info.token_endpoint_auth_method
+
+        if auth_method == "client_secret_basic" and self.client_info.client_id and self.client_info.client_secret:
+            # URL-encode client ID and secret per RFC 6749 Section 2.3.1
+            encoded_id = quote(self.client_info.client_id, safe="")
+            encoded_secret = quote(self.client_info.client_secret, safe="")
+            credentials = f"{encoded_id}:{encoded_secret}"
+            encoded_credentials = base64.b64encode(credentials.encode()).decode()
+            headers["Authorization"] = f"Basic {encoded_credentials}"
+            # Don't include client_secret in body for basic auth
+            data = {k: v for k, v in data.items() if k != "client_secret"}
+        elif auth_method == "client_secret_post" and self.client_info.client_secret:
+            # Include client_secret in request body
+            data["client_secret"] = self.client_info.client_secret
+        # For auth_method == "none", don't add any client_secret
+
+        return data, headers
+
+
+class OAuthClientProvider(httpx.Auth):
+    """
+    OAuth2 authentication for httpx.
+    Handles OAuth flow with automatic client registration and token storage.
+    """
+
+    requires_response_body = True
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        server_url: str,
+        client_metadata: OAuthClientMetadata,
+        storage: TokenStorage,
+        redirect_handler: Callable[[str], Awaitable[None]] | None = None,
+        callback_handler: Callable[[], Awaitable[tuple[str, str | None]]] | None = None,
+        timeout: float = 300.0,
+        client_metadata_url: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        """Initialize OAuth2 authentication.
+
+        Args:
+            server_url: The MCP server URL.
+            client_metadata: OAuth client metadata for registration.
+            storage: Token storage implementation.
+            redirect_handler: Handler for authorization redirects.
+            callback_handler: Handler for authorization callbacks.
+            timeout: Timeout for the OAuth flow.
+            client_metadata_url: URL-based client ID. When provided and the server
+                advertises client_id_metadata_document_supported=true, this URL will be
+                used as the client_id instead of performing dynamic client registration.
+                Must be a valid HTTPS URL with a non-root pathname.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If client_metadata_url is provided but not a valid HTTPS URL
+                with a non-root pathname.
+        """
+        # Validate client_metadata_url if provided
+        if client_metadata_url is not None and not is_valid_client_metadata_url(client_metadata_url):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"client_metadata_url must be a valid HTTPS URL with a non-root pathname, got: {client_metadata_url}"
+            )
+
+        self.context = OAuthContext(
+            server_url=server_url,
+            client_metadata=client_metadata,
+            storage=storage,
+            redirect_handler=redirect_handler,
+            callback_handler=callback_handler,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            client_metadata_url=client_metadata_url,
+        )
+        self._initialized = False
+
+    async def _handle_protected_resource_response(self, response: httpx.Response) -> bool:
+        """
+        Handle protected resource metadata discovery response.
+
+        Per SEP-985, supports fallback when discovery fails at one URL.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if metadata was successfully discovered, False if we should try next URL
+        """
+        if response.status_code == 200:
+            try:
+                content = await response.aread()
+                metadata = ProtectedResourceMetadata.model_validate_json(content)
+                self.context.protected_resource_metadata = metadata
+                if metadata.authorization_servers:  # pragma: no branch
+                    self.context.auth_server_url = str(metadata.authorization_servers[0])
+                return True
+
+            except ValidationError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # Invalid metadata - try next URL
+                logger.warning(f"Invalid protected resource metadata at {response.request.url}")
+                return False
+        elif response.status_code == 404:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Not found - try next URL in fallback chain
+            logger.debug(f"Protected resource metadata not found at {response.request.url}, trying next URL")
+            return False
+        else:
+            # Other error - fail immediately
+            raise OAuthFlowError(
+                f"Protected Resource Metadata request failed: {response.status_code}"
+            )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def _perform_authorization(self) -> httpx.Request:
+        """Perform the authorization flow."""
+        auth_code, code_verifier = await self._perform_authorization_code_grant()
+        token_request = await self._exchange_token_authorization_code(auth_code, code_verifier)
+        return token_request
+
+    async def _perform_authorization_code_grant(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        """Perform the authorization redirect and get auth code."""
+        if self.context.client_metadata.redirect_uris is None:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("No redirect URIs provided for authorization code grant")  # pragma: no cover
+        if not self.context.redirect_handler:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("No redirect handler provided for authorization code grant")  # pragma: no cover
+        if not self.context.callback_handler:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("No callback handler provided for authorization code grant")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        if self.context.oauth_metadata and self.context.oauth_metadata.authorization_endpoint:
+            auth_endpoint = str(self.context.oauth_metadata.authorization_endpoint)  # pragma: no cover
+        else:
+            auth_base_url = self.context.get_authorization_base_url(self.context.server_url)
+            auth_endpoint = urljoin(auth_base_url, "/authorize")
+
+        if not self.context.client_info:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("No client info available for authorization")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        # Generate PKCE parameters
+        pkce_params = PKCEParameters.generate()
+        state = secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
+
+        auth_params = {
+            "response_type": "code",
+            "client_id": self.context.client_info.client_id,
+            "redirect_uri": str(self.context.client_metadata.redirect_uris[0]),
+            "state": state,
+            "code_challenge": pkce_params.code_challenge,
+            "code_challenge_method": "S256",
+        }
+
+        # Only include resource param if conditions are met
+        if self.context.should_include_resource_param(self.context.protocol_version):
+            auth_params["resource"] = self.context.get_resource_url()  # RFC 8707  # pragma: no cover
+
+        if self.context.client_metadata.scope:  # pragma: no branch
+            auth_params["scope"] = self.context.client_metadata.scope
+
+        authorization_url = f"{auth_endpoint}?{urlencode(auth_params)}"
+        await self.context.redirect_handler(authorization_url)
+
+        # Wait for callback
+        auth_code, returned_state = await self.context.callback_handler()
+
+        if returned_state is None or not secrets.compare_digest(returned_state, state):
+            raise OAuthFlowError(f"State parameter mismatch: {returned_state} != {state}")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        if not auth_code:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("No authorization code received")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        # Return auth code and code verifier for token exchange
+        return auth_code, pkce_params.code_verifier
+
+    def _get_token_endpoint(self) -> str:
+        if self.context.oauth_metadata and self.context.oauth_metadata.token_endpoint:
+            token_url = str(self.context.oauth_metadata.token_endpoint)
+        else:
+            auth_base_url = self.context.get_authorization_base_url(self.context.server_url)
+            token_url = urljoin(auth_base_url, "/token")
+        return token_url
+
+    async def _exchange_token_authorization_code(
+        self, auth_code: str, code_verifier: str, *, token_data: dict[str, Any] | None = {}
+    ) -> httpx.Request:
+        """Build token exchange request for authorization_code flow."""
+        if self.context.client_metadata.redirect_uris is None:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("No redirect URIs provided for authorization code grant")  # pragma: no cover
+        if not self.context.client_info:
+            raise OAuthFlowError("Missing client info")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        token_url = self._get_token_endpoint()
+        token_data = token_data or {}
+        token_data.update(
+            {
+                "grant_type": "authorization_code",
+                "code": auth_code,
+                "redirect_uri": str(self.context.client_metadata.redirect_uris[0]),
+                "client_id": self.context.client_info.client_id,
+                "code_verifier": code_verifier,
+            }
+        )
+
+        # Only include resource param if conditions are met
+        if self.context.should_include_resource_param(self.context.protocol_version):
+            token_data["resource"] = self.context.get_resource_url()  # RFC 8707
+
+        # Prepare authentication based on preferred method
+        headers = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+        token_data, headers = self.context.prepare_token_auth(token_data, headers)
+
+        return httpx.Request("POST", token_url, data=token_data, headers=headers)
+
+    async def _handle_token_response(self, response: httpx.Response) -> None:
+        """Handle token exchange response."""
+        if response.status_code != 200:
+            body = await response.aread()  # pragma: no cover
+            body_text = body.decode("utf-8")  # pragma: no cover
+            raise OAuthTokenError(f"Token exchange failed ({response.status_code}): {body_text}")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        # Parse and validate response with scope validation
+        token_response = await handle_token_response_scopes(response)
+
+        # Store tokens in context
+        self.context.current_tokens = token_response
+        self.context.update_token_expiry(token_response)
+        await self.context.storage.set_tokens(token_response)
+
+    async def _refresh_token(self) -> httpx.Request:
+        """Build token refresh request."""
+        if not self.context.current_tokens or not self.context.current_tokens.refresh_token:
+            raise OAuthTokenError("No refresh token available")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        if not self.context.client_info or not self.context.client_info.client_id:
+            raise OAuthTokenError("No client info available")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        if self.context.oauth_metadata and self.context.oauth_metadata.token_endpoint:
+            token_url = str(self.context.oauth_metadata.token_endpoint)  # pragma: no cover
+        else:
+            auth_base_url = self.context.get_authorization_base_url(self.context.server_url)
+            token_url = urljoin(auth_base_url, "/token")
+
+        refresh_data: dict[str, str] = {
+            "grant_type": "refresh_token",
+            "refresh_token": self.context.current_tokens.refresh_token,
+            "client_id": self.context.client_info.client_id,
+        }
+
+        # Only include resource param if conditions are met
+        if self.context.should_include_resource_param(self.context.protocol_version):
+            refresh_data["resource"] = self.context.get_resource_url()  # RFC 8707
+
+        # Prepare authentication based on preferred method
+        headers = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
+        refresh_data, headers = self.context.prepare_token_auth(refresh_data, headers)
+
+        return httpx.Request("POST", token_url, data=refresh_data, headers=headers)
+
+    async def _handle_refresh_response(self, response: httpx.Response) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Handle token refresh response. Returns True if successful."""
+        if response.status_code != 200:
+            logger.warning(f"Token refresh failed: {response.status_code}")
+            self.context.clear_tokens()
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            content = await response.aread()
+            token_response = OAuthToken.model_validate_json(content)
+
+            self.context.current_tokens = token_response
+            self.context.update_token_expiry(token_response)
+            await self.context.storage.set_tokens(token_response)
+
+            return True
+        except ValidationError:
+            logger.exception("Invalid refresh response")
+            self.context.clear_tokens()
+            return False
+
+    async def _initialize(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Load stored tokens and client info."""
+        self.context.current_tokens = await self.context.storage.get_tokens()
+        self.context.client_info = await self.context.storage.get_client_info()
+        self._initialized = True
+
+    def _add_auth_header(self, request: httpx.Request) -> None:
+        """Add authorization header to request if we have valid tokens."""
+        if self.context.current_tokens and self.context.current_tokens.access_token:  # pragma: no branch
+            request.headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {self.context.current_tokens.access_token}"
+
+    async def _handle_oauth_metadata_response(self, response: httpx.Response) -> None:
+        content = await response.aread()
+        metadata = OAuthMetadata.model_validate_json(content)
+        self.context.oauth_metadata = metadata
+
+    async def async_auth_flow(self, request: httpx.Request) -> AsyncGenerator[httpx.Request, httpx.Response]:
+        """HTTPX auth flow integration."""
+        async with self.context.lock:
+            if not self._initialized:
+                await self._initialize()  # pragma: no cover
+
+            # Capture protocol version from request headers
+            self.context.protocol_version = request.headers.get(MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION)
+
+            if not self.context.is_token_valid() and self.context.can_refresh_token():
+                # Try to refresh token
+                refresh_request = await self._refresh_token()  # pragma: no cover
+                refresh_response = yield refresh_request  # pragma: no cover
+
+                if not await self._handle_refresh_response(refresh_response):  # pragma: no cover
+                    # Refresh failed, need full re-authentication
+                    self._initialized = False
+
+            if self.context.is_token_valid():
+                self._add_auth_header(request)
+
+            response = yield request
+
+            if response.status_code == 401:
+                # Perform full OAuth flow
+                try:
+                    # OAuth flow must be inline due to generator constraints
+                    www_auth_resource_metadata_url = extract_resource_metadata_from_www_auth(response)
+
+                    # Step 1: Discover protected resource metadata (SEP-985 with fallback support)
+                    prm_discovery_urls = build_protected_resource_metadata_discovery_urls(
+                        www_auth_resource_metadata_url, self.context.server_url
+                    )
+
+                    for url in prm_discovery_urls:  # pragma: no branch
+                        discovery_request = create_oauth_metadata_request(url)
+
+                        discovery_response = yield discovery_request  # sending request
+
+                        prm = await handle_protected_resource_response(discovery_response)
+                        if prm:
+                            self.context.protected_resource_metadata = prm
+
+                            # todo: try all authorization_servers to find the OASM
+                            assert (
+                                len(prm.authorization_servers) > 0
+                            )  # this is always true as authorization_servers has a min length of 1
+
+                            self.context.auth_server_url = str(prm.authorization_servers[0])
+                            break
+                        else:
+                            logger.debug(f"Protected resource metadata discovery failed: {url}")
+
+                    asm_discovery_urls = build_oauth_authorization_server_metadata_discovery_urls(
+                        self.context.auth_server_url, self.context.server_url
+                    )
+
+                    # Step 2: Discover OAuth Authorization Server Metadata (OASM) (with fallback for legacy servers)
+                    for url in asm_discovery_urls:  # pragma: no cover
+                        oauth_metadata_request = create_oauth_metadata_request(url)
+                        oauth_metadata_response = yield oauth_metadata_request
+
+                        ok, asm = await handle_auth_metadata_response(oauth_metadata_response)
+                        if not ok:
+                            break
+                        if ok and asm:
+                            self.context.oauth_metadata = asm
+                            break
+                        else:
+                            logger.debug(f"OAuth metadata discovery failed: {url}")
+
+                    # Step 3: Apply scope selection strategy
+                    self.context.client_metadata.scope = get_client_metadata_scopes(
+                        extract_scope_from_www_auth(response),
+                        self.context.protected_resource_metadata,
+                        self.context.oauth_metadata,
+                    )
+
+                    # Step 4: Register client or use URL-based client ID (CIMD)
+                    if not self.context.client_info:
+                        if should_use_client_metadata_url(
+                            self.context.oauth_metadata, self.context.client_metadata_url
+                        ):
+                            # Use URL-based client ID (CIMD)
+                            logger.debug(f"Using URL-based client ID (CIMD): {self.context.client_metadata_url}")
+                            client_information = create_client_info_from_metadata_url(
+                                self.context.client_metadata_url,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                                redirect_uris=self.context.client_metadata.redirect_uris,
+                            )
+                            self.context.client_info = client_information
+                            await self.context.storage.set_client_info(client_information)
+                        else:
+                            # Fallback to Dynamic Client Registration
+                            registration_request = create_client_registration_request(
+                                self.context.oauth_metadata,
+                                self.context.client_metadata,
+                                self.context.get_authorization_base_url(self.context.server_url),
+                            )
+                            registration_response = yield registration_request
+                            client_information = await handle_registration_response(registration_response)
+                            self.context.client_info = client_information
+                            await self.context.storage.set_client_info(client_information)
+
+                    # Step 5: Perform authorization and complete token exchange
+                    token_response = yield await self._perform_authorization()
+                    await self._handle_token_response(token_response)
+                except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.exception("OAuth flow error")
+                    raise
+
+                # Retry with new tokens
+                self._add_auth_header(request)
+                yield request
+            elif response.status_code == 403:
+                # Step 1: Extract error field from WWW-Authenticate header
+                error = extract_field_from_www_auth(response, "error")
+
+                # Step 2: Check if we need to step-up authorization
+                if error == "insufficient_scope":  # pragma: no branch
+                    try:
+                        # Step 2a: Update the required scopes
+                        self.context.client_metadata.scope = get_client_metadata_scopes(
+                            extract_scope_from_www_auth(response), self.context.protected_resource_metadata
+                        )
+
+                        # Step 2b: Perform (re-)authorization and token exchange
+                        token_response = yield await self._perform_authorization()
+                        await self._handle_token_response(token_response)
+                    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                        logger.exception("OAuth flow error")
+                        raise
+
+                # Retry with new tokens
+                self._add_auth_header(request)
+                yield request

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/auth/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+import logging
+import re
+from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
+
+from httpx import Request, Response
+from pydantic import AnyUrl, ValidationError
+
+from mcp.client.auth import OAuthRegistrationError, OAuthTokenError
+from mcp.client.streamable_http import MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION
+from mcp.shared.auth import (
+    OAuthClientInformationFull,
+    OAuthClientMetadata,
+    OAuthMetadata,
+    OAuthToken,
+    ProtectedResourceMetadata,
+)
+from mcp.types import LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def extract_field_from_www_auth(response: Response, field_name: str) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Extract field from WWW-Authenticate header.
+
+    Returns:
+        Field value if found in WWW-Authenticate header, None otherwise
+    """
+    www_auth_header = response.headers.get("WWW-Authenticate")
+    if not www_auth_header:
+        return None
+
+    # Pattern matches: field_name="value" or field_name=value (unquoted)
+    pattern = rf'{field_name}=(?:"([^"]+)"|([^\s,]+))'
+    match = re.search(pattern, www_auth_header)
+
+    if match:
+        # Return quoted value if present, otherwise unquoted value
+        return match.group(1) or match.group(2)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def extract_scope_from_www_auth(response: Response) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Extract scope parameter from WWW-Authenticate header as per RFC6750.
+
+    Returns:
+        Scope string if found in WWW-Authenticate header, None otherwise
+    """
+    return extract_field_from_www_auth(response, "scope")
+
+
+def extract_resource_metadata_from_www_auth(response: Response) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Extract protected resource metadata URL from WWW-Authenticate header as per RFC9728.
+
+    Returns:
+        Resource metadata URL if found in WWW-Authenticate header, None otherwise
+    """
+    if not response or response.status_code != 401:
+        return None  # pragma: no cover
+
+    return extract_field_from_www_auth(response, "resource_metadata")
+
+
+def build_protected_resource_metadata_discovery_urls(www_auth_url: str | None, server_url: str) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Build ordered list of URLs to try for protected resource metadata discovery.
+
+    Per SEP-985, the client MUST:
+    1. Try resource_metadata from WWW-Authenticate header (if present)
+    2. Fall back to path-based well-known URI: /.well-known/oauth-protected-resource/{path}
+    3. Fall back to root-based well-known URI: /.well-known/oauth-protected-resource
+
+    Args:
+        www_auth_url: optional resource_metadata url extracted from the WWW-Authenticate header
+        server_url: server url
+
+    Returns:
+        Ordered list of URLs to try for discovery
+    """
+    urls: list[str] = []
+
+    # Priority 1: WWW-Authenticate header with resource_metadata parameter
+    if www_auth_url:
+        urls.append(www_auth_url)
+
+    # Priority 2-3: Well-known URIs (RFC 9728)
+    parsed = urlparse(server_url)
+    base_url = f"{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}"
+
+    # Priority 2: Path-based well-known URI (if server has a path component)
+    if parsed.path and parsed.path != "/":
+        path_based_url = urljoin(base_url, f"/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource{parsed.path}")
+        urls.append(path_based_url)
+
+    # Priority 3: Root-based well-known URI
+    root_based_url = urljoin(base_url, "/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource")
+    urls.append(root_based_url)
+
+    return urls
+
+
+def get_client_metadata_scopes(
+    www_authenticate_scope: str | None,
+    protected_resource_metadata: ProtectedResourceMetadata | None,
+    authorization_server_metadata: OAuthMetadata | None = None,
+) -> str | None:
+    """Select scopes as outlined in the 'Scope Selection Strategy' in the MCP spec."""
+    # Per MCP spec, scope selection priority order:
+    # 1. Use scope from WWW-Authenticate header (if provided)
+    # 2. Use all scopes from PRM scopes_supported (if available)
+    # 3. Omit scope parameter if neither is available
+
+    if www_authenticate_scope is not None:
+        # Priority 1: WWW-Authenticate header scope
+        return www_authenticate_scope
+    elif protected_resource_metadata is not None and protected_resource_metadata.scopes_supported is not None:
+        # Priority 2: PRM scopes_supported
+        return " ".join(protected_resource_metadata.scopes_supported)
+    elif authorization_server_metadata is not None and authorization_server_metadata.scopes_supported is not None:
+        return " ".join(authorization_server_metadata.scopes_supported)  # pragma: no cover
+    else:
+        # Priority 3: Omit scope parameter
+        return None
+
+
+def build_oauth_authorization_server_metadata_discovery_urls(auth_server_url: str | None, server_url: str) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Generate ordered list of (url, type) tuples for discovery attempts.
+
+    Args:
+        auth_server_url: URL for the OAuth Authorization Metadata URL if found, otherwise None
+        server_url: URL for the MCP server, used as a fallback if auth_server_url is None
+    """
+
+    if not auth_server_url:
+        # Legacy path using the 2025-03-26 spec:
+        # link: https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-03-26/basic/authorization
+        parsed = urlparse(server_url)
+        return [f"{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server"]
+
+    urls: list[str] = []
+    parsed = urlparse(auth_server_url)
+    base_url = f"{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}"
+
+    # RFC 8414: Path-aware OAuth discovery
+    if parsed.path and parsed.path != "/":
+        oauth_path = f"/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server{parsed.path.rstrip('/')}"
+        urls.append(urljoin(base_url, oauth_path))
+
+        # RFC 8414 section 5: Path-aware OIDC discovery
+        # See https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8414.html#section-5
+        oidc_path = f"/.well-known/openid-configuration{parsed.path.rstrip('/')}"
+        urls.append(urljoin(base_url, oidc_path))
+
+        # https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-discovery-1_0.html
+        oidc_path = f"{parsed.path.rstrip('/')}/.well-known/openid-configuration"
+        urls.append(urljoin(base_url, oidc_path))
+        return urls
+
+    # OAuth root
+    urls.append(urljoin(base_url, "/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server"))
+
+    # OIDC 1.0 fallback (appends to full URL per OIDC spec)
+    # https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-discovery-1_0.html
+    urls.append(urljoin(base_url, "/.well-known/openid-configuration"))
+
+    return urls
+
+
+async def handle_protected_resource_response(
+    response: Response,
+) -> ProtectedResourceMetadata | None:
+    """
+    Handle protected resource metadata discovery response.
+
+    Per SEP-985, supports fallback when discovery fails at one URL.
+
+    Returns:
+        True if metadata was successfully discovered, False if we should try next URL
+    """
+    if response.status_code == 200:
+        try:
+            content = await response.aread()
+            metadata = ProtectedResourceMetadata.model_validate_json(content)
+            return metadata
+
+        except ValidationError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Invalid metadata - try next URL
+            return None
+    else:
+        # Not found - try next URL in fallback chain
+        return None
+
+
+async def handle_auth_metadata_response(response: Response) -> tuple[bool, OAuthMetadata | None]:
+    if response.status_code == 200:
+        try:
+            content = await response.aread()
+            asm = OAuthMetadata.model_validate_json(content)
+            return True, asm
+        except ValidationError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return True, None
+    elif response.status_code < 400 or response.status_code >= 500:
+        return False, None  # Non-4XX error, stop trying
+    return True, None
+
+
+def create_oauth_metadata_request(url: str) -> Request:
+    return Request("GET", url, headers={MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION: LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION})
+
+
+def create_client_registration_request(
+    auth_server_metadata: OAuthMetadata | None, client_metadata: OAuthClientMetadata, auth_base_url: str
+) -> Request:
+    """Build registration request or skip if already registered."""
+
+    if auth_server_metadata and auth_server_metadata.registration_endpoint:
+        registration_url = str(auth_server_metadata.registration_endpoint)
+    else:
+        registration_url = urljoin(auth_base_url, "/register")
+
+    registration_data = client_metadata.model_dump(by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True)
+
+    return Request("POST", registration_url, json=registration_data, headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"})
+
+
+async def handle_registration_response(response: Response) -> OAuthClientInformationFull:
+    """Handle registration response."""
+    if response.status_code not in (200, 201):
+        await response.aread()
+        raise OAuthRegistrationError(f"Registration failed: {response.status_code} {response.text}")
+
+    try:
+        content = await response.aread()
+        client_info = OAuthClientInformationFull.model_validate_json(content)
+        return client_info
+        # self.context.client_info = client_info
+        # await self.context.storage.set_client_info(client_info)
+    except ValidationError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise OAuthRegistrationError(f"Invalid registration response: {e}")
+
+
+def is_valid_client_metadata_url(url: str | None) -> bool:
+    """Validate that a URL is suitable for use as a client_id (CIMD).
+
+    The URL must be HTTPS with a non-root pathname.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The URL to validate
+
+    Returns:
+        True if the URL is a valid HTTPS URL with a non-root pathname
+    """
+    if not url:
+        return False
+    try:
+        parsed = urlparse(url)
+        return parsed.scheme == "https" and parsed.path not in ("", "/")
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def should_use_client_metadata_url(
+    oauth_metadata: OAuthMetadata | None,
+    client_metadata_url: str | None,
+) -> bool:
+    """Determine if URL-based client ID (CIMD) should be used instead of DCR.
+
+    URL-based client IDs should be used when:
+    1. The server advertises client_id_metadata_document_supported=true
+    2. The client has a valid client_metadata_url configured
+
+    Args:
+        oauth_metadata: OAuth authorization server metadata
+        client_metadata_url: URL-based client ID (already validated)
+
+    Returns:
+        True if CIMD should be used, False if DCR should be used
+    """
+    if not client_metadata_url:
+        return False
+
+    if not oauth_metadata:
+        return False
+
+    return oauth_metadata.client_id_metadata_document_supported is True
+
+
+def create_client_info_from_metadata_url(
+    client_metadata_url: str, redirect_uris: list[AnyUrl] | None = None
+) -> OAuthClientInformationFull:
+    """Create client information using a URL-based client ID (CIMD).
+
+    When using URL-based client IDs, the URL itself becomes the client_id
+    and no client_secret is used (token_endpoint_auth_method="none").
+
+    Args:
+        client_metadata_url: The URL to use as the client_id
+        redirect_uris: The redirect URIs from the client metadata (passed through for
+            compatibility with OAuthClientInformationFull which inherits from OAuthClientMetadata)
+
+    Returns:
+        OAuthClientInformationFull with the URL as client_id
+    """
+    return OAuthClientInformationFull(
+        client_id=client_metadata_url,
+        token_endpoint_auth_method="none",
+        redirect_uris=redirect_uris,
+    )
+
+
+async def handle_token_response_scopes(
+    response: Response,
+) -> OAuthToken:
+    """Parse and validate token response with optional scope validation.
+
+    Parses token response JSON. Callers should check response.status_code before calling.
+
+    Args:
+        response: HTTP response from token endpoint (status already checked by caller)
+
+    Returns:
+        Validated OAuthToken model
+
+    Raises:
+        OAuthTokenError: If response JSON is invalid
+    """
+    try:
+        content = await response.aread()
+        token_response = OAuthToken.model_validate_json(content)
+        return token_response
+    except ValidationError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise OAuthTokenError(f"Invalid token response: {e}")

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/experimental/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""
+Experimental client features.
+
+WARNING: These APIs are experimental and may change without notice.
+"""
+
+from mcp.client.experimental.tasks import ExperimentalClientFeatures
+
+__all__ = ["ExperimentalClientFeatures"]

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/experimental/task_handlers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+"""
+Experimental task handler protocols for server -> client requests.
+
+This module provides Protocol types and default handlers for when servers
+send task-related requests to clients (the reverse of normal client -> server flow).
+
+WARNING: These APIs are experimental and may change without notice.
+
+Use cases:
+- Server sends task-augmented sampling/elicitation request to client
+- Client creates a local task, spawns background work, returns CreateTaskResult
+- Server polls client's task status via tasks/get, tasks/result, etc.
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Protocol
+
+from pydantic import TypeAdapter
+
+import mcp.types as types
+from mcp.shared.context import RequestContext
+from mcp.shared.session import RequestResponder
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
+
+
+class GetTaskHandlerFnT(Protocol):
+    """Handler for tasks/get requests from server.
+
+    WARNING: This is experimental and may change without notice.
+    """
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+        params: types.GetTaskRequestParams,
+    ) -> types.GetTaskResult | types.ErrorData: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class GetTaskResultHandlerFnT(Protocol):
+    """Handler for tasks/result requests from server.
+
+    WARNING: This is experimental and may change without notice.
+    """
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+        params: types.GetTaskPayloadRequestParams,
+    ) -> types.GetTaskPayloadResult | types.ErrorData: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class ListTasksHandlerFnT(Protocol):
+    """Handler for tasks/list requests from server.
+
+    WARNING: This is experimental and may change without notice.
+    """
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+        params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None,
+    ) -> types.ListTasksResult | types.ErrorData: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class CancelTaskHandlerFnT(Protocol):
+    """Handler for tasks/cancel requests from server.
+
+    WARNING: This is experimental and may change without notice.
+    """
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+        params: types.CancelTaskRequestParams,
+    ) -> types.CancelTaskResult | types.ErrorData: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class TaskAugmentedSamplingFnT(Protocol):
+    """Handler for task-augmented sampling/createMessage requests from server.
+
+    When server sends a CreateMessageRequest with task field, this callback
+    is invoked. The callback should create a task, spawn background work,
+    and return CreateTaskResult immediately.
+
+    WARNING: This is experimental and may change without notice.
+    """
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+        params: types.CreateMessageRequestParams,
+        task_metadata: types.TaskMetadata,
+    ) -> types.CreateTaskResult | types.ErrorData: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class TaskAugmentedElicitationFnT(Protocol):
+    """Handler for task-augmented elicitation/create requests from server.
+
+    When server sends an ElicitRequest with task field, this callback
+    is invoked. The callback should create a task, spawn background work,
+    and return CreateTaskResult immediately.
+
+    WARNING: This is experimental and may change without notice.
+    """
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+        params: types.ElicitRequestParams,
+        task_metadata: types.TaskMetadata,
+    ) -> types.CreateTaskResult | types.ErrorData: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+async def default_get_task_handler(
+    context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+    params: types.GetTaskRequestParams,
+) -> types.GetTaskResult | types.ErrorData:
+    return types.ErrorData(
+        code=types.METHOD_NOT_FOUND,
+        message="tasks/get not supported",
+    )
+
+
+async def default_get_task_result_handler(
+    context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+    params: types.GetTaskPayloadRequestParams,
+) -> types.GetTaskPayloadResult | types.ErrorData:
+    return types.ErrorData(
+        code=types.METHOD_NOT_FOUND,
+        message="tasks/result not supported",
+    )
+
+
+async def default_list_tasks_handler(
+    context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+    params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None,
+) -> types.ListTasksResult | types.ErrorData:
+    return types.ErrorData(
+        code=types.METHOD_NOT_FOUND,
+        message="tasks/list not supported",
+    )
+
+
+async def default_cancel_task_handler(
+    context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+    params: types.CancelTaskRequestParams,
+) -> types.CancelTaskResult | types.ErrorData:
+    return types.ErrorData(
+        code=types.METHOD_NOT_FOUND,
+        message="tasks/cancel not supported",
+    )
+
+
+async def default_task_augmented_sampling(
+    context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+    params: types.CreateMessageRequestParams,
+    task_metadata: types.TaskMetadata,
+) -> types.CreateTaskResult | types.ErrorData:
+    return types.ErrorData(
+        code=types.INVALID_REQUEST,
+        message="Task-augmented sampling not supported",
+    )
+
+
+async def default_task_augmented_elicitation(
+    context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+    params: types.ElicitRequestParams,
+    task_metadata: types.TaskMetadata,
+) -> types.CreateTaskResult | types.ErrorData:
+    return types.ErrorData(
+        code=types.INVALID_REQUEST,
+        message="Task-augmented elicitation not supported",
+    )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ExperimentalTaskHandlers:
+    """Container for experimental task handlers.
+
+    Groups all task-related handlers that handle server -> client requests.
+    This includes both pure task requests (get, list, cancel, result) and
+    task-augmented request handlers (sampling, elicitation with task field).
+
+    WARNING: These APIs are experimental and may change without notice.
+
+    Example:
+        handlers = ExperimentalTaskHandlers(
+            get_task=my_get_task_handler,
+            list_tasks=my_list_tasks_handler,
+        )
+        session = ClientSession(..., experimental_task_handlers=handlers)
+    """
+
+    # Pure task request handlers
+    get_task: GetTaskHandlerFnT = field(default=default_get_task_handler)
+    get_task_result: GetTaskResultHandlerFnT = field(default=default_get_task_result_handler)
+    list_tasks: ListTasksHandlerFnT = field(default=default_list_tasks_handler)
+    cancel_task: CancelTaskHandlerFnT = field(default=default_cancel_task_handler)
+
+    # Task-augmented request handlers
+    augmented_sampling: TaskAugmentedSamplingFnT = field(default=default_task_augmented_sampling)
+    augmented_elicitation: TaskAugmentedElicitationFnT = field(default=default_task_augmented_elicitation)
+
+    def build_capability(self) -> types.ClientTasksCapability | None:
+        """Build ClientTasksCapability from the configured handlers.
+
+        Returns a capability object that reflects which handlers are configured
+        (i.e., not using the default "not supported" handlers).
+
+        Returns:
+            ClientTasksCapability if any handlers are provided, None otherwise
+        """
+        has_list = self.list_tasks is not default_list_tasks_handler
+        has_cancel = self.cancel_task is not default_cancel_task_handler
+        has_sampling = self.augmented_sampling is not default_task_augmented_sampling
+        has_elicitation = self.augmented_elicitation is not default_task_augmented_elicitation
+
+        # If no handlers are provided, return None
+        if not any([has_list, has_cancel, has_sampling, has_elicitation]):
+            return None
+
+        # Build requests capability if any request handlers are provided
+        requests_capability: types.ClientTasksRequestsCapability | None = None
+        if has_sampling or has_elicitation:
+            requests_capability = types.ClientTasksRequestsCapability(
+                sampling=types.TasksSamplingCapability(createMessage=types.TasksCreateMessageCapability())
+                if has_sampling
+                else None,
+                elicitation=types.TasksElicitationCapability(create=types.TasksCreateElicitationCapability())
+                if has_elicitation
+                else None,
+            )
+
+        return types.ClientTasksCapability(
+            list=types.TasksListCapability() if has_list else None,
+            cancel=types.TasksCancelCapability() if has_cancel else None,
+            requests=requests_capability,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def handles_request(request: types.ServerRequest) -> bool:
+        """Check if this handler handles the given request type."""
+        return isinstance(
+            request.root,
+            types.GetTaskRequest | types.GetTaskPayloadRequest | types.ListTasksRequest | types.CancelTaskRequest,
+        )
+
+    async def handle_request(
+        self,
+        ctx: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+        responder: RequestResponder[types.ServerRequest, types.ClientResult],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Handle a task-related request from the server.
+
+        Call handles_request() first to check if this handler can handle the request.
+        """
+        client_response_type: TypeAdapter[types.ClientResult | types.ErrorData] = TypeAdapter(
+            types.ClientResult | types.ErrorData
+        )
+
+        match responder.request.root:
+            case types.GetTaskRequest(params=params):
+                response = await self.get_task(ctx, params)
+                client_response = client_response_type.validate_python(response)
+                await responder.respond(client_response)
+
+            case types.GetTaskPayloadRequest(params=params):
+                response = await self.get_task_result(ctx, params)
+                client_response = client_response_type.validate_python(response)
+                await responder.respond(client_response)
+
+            case types.ListTasksRequest(params=params):
+                response = await self.list_tasks(ctx, params)
+                client_response = client_response_type.validate_python(response)
+                await responder.respond(client_response)
+
+            case types.CancelTaskRequest(params=params):
+                response = await self.cancel_task(ctx, params)
+                client_response = client_response_type.validate_python(response)
+                await responder.respond(client_response)
+
+            case _:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ValueError(f"Unhandled request type: {type(responder.request.root)}")
+
+
+# Backwards compatibility aliases
+default_task_augmented_sampling_callback = default_task_augmented_sampling
+default_task_augmented_elicitation_callback = default_task_augmented_elicitation

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/experimental/tasks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+"""
+Experimental client-side task support.
+
+This module provides client methods for interacting with MCP tasks.
+
+WARNING: These APIs are experimental and may change without notice.
+
+Example:
+    # Call a tool as a task
+    result = await session.experimental.call_tool_as_task("tool_name", {"arg": "value"})
+    task_id = result.task.taskId
+
+    # Get task status
+    status = await session.experimental.get_task(task_id)
+
+    # Get task result when complete
+    if status.status == "completed":
+        result = await session.experimental.get_task_result(task_id, CallToolResult)
+
+    # List all tasks
+    tasks = await session.experimental.list_tasks()
+
+    # Cancel a task
+    await session.experimental.cancel_task(task_id)
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+
+import mcp.types as types
+from mcp.shared.experimental.tasks.polling import poll_until_terminal
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
+
+ResultT = TypeVar("ResultT", bound=types.Result)
+
+
+class ExperimentalClientFeatures:
+    """
+    Experimental client features for tasks and other experimental APIs.
+
+    WARNING: These APIs are experimental and may change without notice.
+
+    Access via session.experimental:
+        status = await session.experimental.get_task(task_id)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, session: "ClientSession") -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    async def call_tool_as_task(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        arguments: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        *,
+        ttl: int = 60000,
+        meta: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> types.CreateTaskResult:
+        """Call a tool as a task, returning a CreateTaskResult for polling.
+
+        This is a convenience method for calling tools that support task execution.
+        The server will return a task reference instead of the immediate result,
+        which can then be polled via `get_task()` and retrieved via `get_task_result()`.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The tool name
+            arguments: Tool arguments
+            ttl: Task time-to-live in milliseconds (default: 60000 = 1 minute)
+            meta: Optional metadata to include in the request
+
+        Returns:
+            CreateTaskResult containing the task reference
+
+        Example:
+            # Create task
+            result = await session.experimental.call_tool_as_task(
+                "long_running_tool", {"input": "data"}
+            )
+            task_id = result.task.taskId
+
+            # Poll for completion
+            while True:
+                status = await session.experimental.get_task(task_id)
+                if status.status == "completed":
+                    break
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+
+            # Get result
+            final = await session.experimental.get_task_result(task_id, CallToolResult)
+        """
+        _meta: types.RequestParams.Meta | None = None
+        if meta is not None:
+            _meta = types.RequestParams.Meta(**meta)
+
+        return await self._session.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.CallToolRequest(
+                    params=types.CallToolRequestParams(
+                        name=name,
+                        arguments=arguments,
+                        task=types.TaskMetadata(ttl=ttl),
+                        _meta=_meta,
+                    ),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.CreateTaskResult,
+        )
+
+    async def get_task(self, task_id: str) -> types.GetTaskResult:
+        """
+        Get the current status of a task.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id: The task identifier
+
+        Returns:
+            GetTaskResult containing the task status and metadata
+        """
+        return await self._session.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.GetTaskRequest(
+                    params=types.GetTaskRequestParams(taskId=task_id),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.GetTaskResult,
+        )
+
+    async def get_task_result(
+        self,
+        task_id: str,
+        result_type: type[ResultT],
+    ) -> ResultT:
+        """
+        Get the result of a completed task.
+
+        The result type depends on the original request type:
+        - tools/call tasks return CallToolResult
+        - Other request types return their corresponding result type
+
+        Args:
+            task_id: The task identifier
+            result_type: The expected result type (e.g., CallToolResult)
+
+        Returns:
+            The task result, validated against result_type
+        """
+        return await self._session.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.GetTaskPayloadRequest(
+                    params=types.GetTaskPayloadRequestParams(taskId=task_id),
+                )
+            ),
+            result_type,
+        )
+
+    async def list_tasks(
+        self,
+        cursor: str | None = None,
+    ) -> types.ListTasksResult:
+        """
+        List all tasks.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Optional pagination cursor
+
+        Returns:
+            ListTasksResult containing tasks and optional next cursor
+        """
+        params = types.PaginatedRequestParams(cursor=cursor) if cursor else None
+        return await self._session.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.ListTasksRequest(params=params),
+            ),
+            types.ListTasksResult,
+        )
+
+    async def cancel_task(self, task_id: str) -> types.CancelTaskResult:
+        """
+        Cancel a running task.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id: The task identifier
+
+        Returns:
+            CancelTaskResult with the updated task state
+        """
+        return await self._session.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.CancelTaskRequest(
+                    params=types.CancelTaskRequestParams(taskId=task_id),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.CancelTaskResult,
+        )
+
+    async def poll_task(self, task_id: str) -> AsyncIterator[types.GetTaskResult]:
+        """
+        Poll a task until it reaches a terminal status.
+
+        Yields GetTaskResult for each poll, allowing the caller to react to
+        status changes (e.g., handle input_required). Exits when task reaches
+        a terminal status (completed, failed, cancelled).
+
+        Respects the pollInterval hint from the server.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id: The task identifier
+
+        Yields:
+            GetTaskResult for each poll
+
+        Example:
+            async for status in session.experimental.poll_task(task_id):
+                print(f"Status: {status.status}")
+                if status.status == "input_required":
+                    # Handle elicitation request via tasks/result
+                    pass
+
+            # Task is now terminal, get the result
+            result = await session.experimental.get_task_result(task_id, CallToolResult)
+        """
+        async for status in poll_until_terminal(self.get_task, task_id):
+            yield status

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/session.py

@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+import logging
+from datetime import timedelta
+from typing import Any, Protocol, overload
+
+import anyio.lowlevel
+from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+from pydantic import AnyUrl, TypeAdapter
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+import mcp.types as types
+from mcp.client.experimental import ExperimentalClientFeatures
+from mcp.client.experimental.task_handlers import ExperimentalTaskHandlers
+from mcp.shared.context import RequestContext
+from mcp.shared.message import SessionMessage
+from mcp.shared.session import BaseSession, ProgressFnT, RequestResponder
+from mcp.shared.version import SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS
+
+DEFAULT_CLIENT_INFO = types.Implementation(name="mcp", version="0.1.0")
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("client")
+
+
+class SamplingFnT(Protocol):
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+        params: types.CreateMessageRequestParams,
+    ) -> types.CreateMessageResult | types.CreateMessageResultWithTools | types.ErrorData: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class ElicitationFnT(Protocol):
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+        params: types.ElicitRequestParams,
+    ) -> types.ElicitResult | types.ErrorData: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class ListRootsFnT(Protocol):
+    async def __call__(
+        self, context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any]
+    ) -> types.ListRootsResult | types.ErrorData: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class LoggingFnT(Protocol):
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        params: types.LoggingMessageNotificationParams,
+    ) -> None: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class MessageHandlerFnT(Protocol):
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        message: RequestResponder[types.ServerRequest, types.ClientResult] | types.ServerNotification | Exception,
+    ) -> None: ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+async def _default_message_handler(
+    message: RequestResponder[types.ServerRequest, types.ClientResult] | types.ServerNotification | Exception,
+) -> None:
+    await anyio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+
+
+async def _default_sampling_callback(
+    context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+    params: types.CreateMessageRequestParams,
+) -> types.CreateMessageResult | types.CreateMessageResultWithTools | types.ErrorData:
+    return types.ErrorData(
+        code=types.INVALID_REQUEST,
+        message="Sampling not supported",
+    )
+
+
+async def _default_elicitation_callback(
+    context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+    params: types.ElicitRequestParams,
+) -> types.ElicitResult | types.ErrorData:
+    return types.ErrorData(  # pragma: no cover
+        code=types.INVALID_REQUEST,
+        message="Elicitation not supported",
+    )
+
+
+async def _default_list_roots_callback(
+    context: RequestContext["ClientSession", Any],
+) -> types.ListRootsResult | types.ErrorData:
+    return types.ErrorData(
+        code=types.INVALID_REQUEST,
+        message="List roots not supported",
+    )
+
+
+async def _default_logging_callback(
+    params: types.LoggingMessageNotificationParams,
+) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+ClientResponse: TypeAdapter[types.ClientResult | types.ErrorData] = TypeAdapter(types.ClientResult | types.ErrorData)
+
+
+class ClientSession(
+    BaseSession[
+        types.ClientRequest,
+        types.ClientNotification,
+        types.ClientResult,
+        types.ServerRequest,
+        types.ServerNotification,
+    ]
+):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage | Exception],
+        write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage],
+        read_timeout_seconds: timedelta | None = None,
+        sampling_callback: SamplingFnT | None = None,
+        elicitation_callback: ElicitationFnT | None = None,
+        list_roots_callback: ListRootsFnT | None = None,
+        logging_callback: LoggingFnT | None = None,
+        message_handler: MessageHandlerFnT | None = None,
+        client_info: types.Implementation | None = None,
+        *,
+        sampling_capabilities: types.SamplingCapability | None = None,
+        experimental_task_handlers: ExperimentalTaskHandlers | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            read_stream,
+            write_stream,
+            types.ServerRequest,
+            types.ServerNotification,
+            read_timeout_seconds=read_timeout_seconds,
+        )
+        self._client_info = client_info or DEFAULT_CLIENT_INFO
+        self._sampling_callback = sampling_callback or _default_sampling_callback
+        self._sampling_capabilities = sampling_capabilities
+        self._elicitation_callback = elicitation_callback or _default_elicitation_callback
+        self._list_roots_callback = list_roots_callback or _default_list_roots_callback
+        self._logging_callback = logging_callback or _default_logging_callback
+        self._message_handler = message_handler or _default_message_handler
+        self._tool_output_schemas: dict[str, dict[str, Any] | None] = {}
+        self._server_capabilities: types.ServerCapabilities | None = None
+        self._experimental_features: ExperimentalClientFeatures | None = None
+
+        # Experimental: Task handlers (use defaults if not provided)
+        self._task_handlers = experimental_task_handlers or ExperimentalTaskHandlers()
+
+    async def initialize(self) -> types.InitializeResult:
+        sampling = (
+            (self._sampling_capabilities or types.SamplingCapability())
+            if self._sampling_callback is not _default_sampling_callback
+            else None
+        )
+        elicitation = (
+            types.ElicitationCapability(
+                form=types.FormElicitationCapability(),
+                url=types.UrlElicitationCapability(),
+            )
+            if self._elicitation_callback is not _default_elicitation_callback
+            else None
+        )
+        roots = (
+            # TODO: Should this be based on whether we
+            # _will_ send notifications, or only whether
+            # they're supported?
+            types.RootsCapability(listChanged=True)
+            if self._list_roots_callback is not _default_list_roots_callback
+            else None
+        )
+
+        result = await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.InitializeRequest(
+                    params=types.InitializeRequestParams(
+                        protocolVersion=types.LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+                        capabilities=types.ClientCapabilities(
+                            sampling=sampling,
+                            elicitation=elicitation,
+                            experimental=None,
+                            roots=roots,
+                            tasks=self._task_handlers.build_capability(),
+                        ),
+                        clientInfo=self._client_info,
+                    ),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.InitializeResult,
+        )
+
+        if result.protocolVersion not in SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unsupported protocol version from the server: {result.protocolVersion}")
+
+        self._server_capabilities = result.capabilities
+
+        await self.send_notification(types.ClientNotification(types.InitializedNotification()))
+
+        return result
+
+    def get_server_capabilities(self) -> types.ServerCapabilities | None:
+        """Return the server capabilities received during initialization.
+
+        Returns None if the session has not been initialized yet.
+        """
+        return self._server_capabilities
+
+    @property
+    def experimental(self) -> ExperimentalClientFeatures:
+        """Experimental APIs for tasks and other features.
+
+        WARNING: These APIs are experimental and may change without notice.
+
+        Example:
+            status = await session.experimental.get_task(task_id)
+            result = await session.experimental.get_task_result(task_id, CallToolResult)
+        """
+        if self._experimental_features is None:
+            self._experimental_features = ExperimentalClientFeatures(self)
+        return self._experimental_features
+
+    async def send_ping(self) -> types.EmptyResult:
+        """Send a ping request."""
+        return await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(types.PingRequest()),
+            types.EmptyResult,
+        )
+
+    async def send_progress_notification(
+        self,
+        progress_token: str | int,
+        progress: float,
+        total: float | None = None,
+        message: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Send a progress notification."""
+        await self.send_notification(
+            types.ClientNotification(
+                types.ProgressNotification(
+                    params=types.ProgressNotificationParams(
+                        progressToken=progress_token,
+                        progress=progress,
+                        total=total,
+                        message=message,
+                    ),
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+
+    async def set_logging_level(self, level: types.LoggingLevel) -> types.EmptyResult:
+        """Send a logging/setLevel request."""
+        return await self.send_request(  # pragma: no cover
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.SetLevelRequest(
+                    params=types.SetLevelRequestParams(level=level),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.EmptyResult,
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated("Use list_resources(params=PaginatedRequestParams(...)) instead")
+    async def list_resources(self, cursor: str | None) -> types.ListResourcesResult: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def list_resources(self, *, params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None) -> types.ListResourcesResult: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def list_resources(self) -> types.ListResourcesResult: ...
+
+    async def list_resources(
+        self,
+        cursor: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None = None,
+    ) -> types.ListResourcesResult:
+        """Send a resources/list request.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Simple cursor string for pagination (deprecated, use params instead)
+            params: Full pagination parameters including cursor and any future fields
+        """
+        if params is not None and cursor is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot specify both cursor and params")
+
+        if params is not None:
+            request_params = params
+        elif cursor is not None:
+            request_params = types.PaginatedRequestParams(cursor=cursor)
+        else:
+            request_params = None
+
+        return await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(types.ListResourcesRequest(params=request_params)),
+            types.ListResourcesResult,
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated("Use list_resource_templates(params=PaginatedRequestParams(...)) instead")
+    async def list_resource_templates(self, cursor: str | None) -> types.ListResourceTemplatesResult: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def list_resource_templates(
+        self, *, params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None
+    ) -> types.ListResourceTemplatesResult: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def list_resource_templates(self) -> types.ListResourceTemplatesResult: ...
+
+    async def list_resource_templates(
+        self,
+        cursor: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None = None,
+    ) -> types.ListResourceTemplatesResult:
+        """Send a resources/templates/list request.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Simple cursor string for pagination (deprecated, use params instead)
+            params: Full pagination parameters including cursor and any future fields
+        """
+        if params is not None and cursor is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot specify both cursor and params")
+
+        if params is not None:
+            request_params = params
+        elif cursor is not None:
+            request_params = types.PaginatedRequestParams(cursor=cursor)
+        else:
+            request_params = None
+
+        return await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(types.ListResourceTemplatesRequest(params=request_params)),
+            types.ListResourceTemplatesResult,
+        )
+
+    async def read_resource(self, uri: AnyUrl) -> types.ReadResourceResult:
+        """Send a resources/read request."""
+        return await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.ReadResourceRequest(
+                    params=types.ReadResourceRequestParams(uri=uri),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.ReadResourceResult,
+        )
+
+    async def subscribe_resource(self, uri: AnyUrl) -> types.EmptyResult:
+        """Send a resources/subscribe request."""
+        return await self.send_request(  # pragma: no cover
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.SubscribeRequest(
+                    params=types.SubscribeRequestParams(uri=uri),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.EmptyResult,
+        )
+
+    async def unsubscribe_resource(self, uri: AnyUrl) -> types.EmptyResult:
+        """Send a resources/unsubscribe request."""
+        return await self.send_request(  # pragma: no cover
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.UnsubscribeRequest(
+                    params=types.UnsubscribeRequestParams(uri=uri),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.EmptyResult,
+        )
+
+    async def call_tool(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        arguments: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        read_timeout_seconds: timedelta | None = None,
+        progress_callback: ProgressFnT | None = None,
+        *,
+        meta: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> types.CallToolResult:
+        """Send a tools/call request with optional progress callback support."""
+
+        _meta: types.RequestParams.Meta | None = None
+        if meta is not None:
+            _meta = types.RequestParams.Meta(**meta)
+
+        result = await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.CallToolRequest(
+                    params=types.CallToolRequestParams(name=name, arguments=arguments, _meta=_meta),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.CallToolResult,
+            request_read_timeout_seconds=read_timeout_seconds,
+            progress_callback=progress_callback,
+        )
+
+        if not result.isError:
+            await self._validate_tool_result(name, result)
+
+        return result
+
+    async def _validate_tool_result(self, name: str, result: types.CallToolResult) -> None:
+        """Validate the structured content of a tool result against its output schema."""
+        if name not in self._tool_output_schemas:
+            # refresh output schema cache
+            await self.list_tools()
+
+        output_schema = None
+        if name in self._tool_output_schemas:
+            output_schema = self._tool_output_schemas.get(name)
+        else:
+            logger.warning(f"Tool {name} not listed by server, cannot validate any structured content")
+
+        if output_schema is not None:
+            from jsonschema import SchemaError, ValidationError, validate
+
+            if result.structuredContent is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Tool {name} has an output schema but did not return structured content"
+                )  # pragma: no cover
+            try:
+                validate(result.structuredContent, output_schema)
+            except ValidationError as e:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Invalid structured content returned by tool {name}: {e}")  # pragma: no cover
+            except SchemaError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Invalid schema for tool {name}: {e}")  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated("Use list_prompts(params=PaginatedRequestParams(...)) instead")
+    async def list_prompts(self, cursor: str | None) -> types.ListPromptsResult: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def list_prompts(self, *, params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None) -> types.ListPromptsResult: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def list_prompts(self) -> types.ListPromptsResult: ...
+
+    async def list_prompts(
+        self,
+        cursor: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None = None,
+    ) -> types.ListPromptsResult:
+        """Send a prompts/list request.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Simple cursor string for pagination (deprecated, use params instead)
+            params: Full pagination parameters including cursor and any future fields
+        """
+        if params is not None and cursor is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot specify both cursor and params")
+
+        if params is not None:
+            request_params = params
+        elif cursor is not None:
+            request_params = types.PaginatedRequestParams(cursor=cursor)
+        else:
+            request_params = None
+
+        return await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(types.ListPromptsRequest(params=request_params)),
+            types.ListPromptsResult,
+        )
+
+    async def get_prompt(self, name: str, arguments: dict[str, str] | None = None) -> types.GetPromptResult:
+        """Send a prompts/get request."""
+        return await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.GetPromptRequest(
+                    params=types.GetPromptRequestParams(name=name, arguments=arguments),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.GetPromptResult,
+        )
+
+    async def complete(
+        self,
+        ref: types.ResourceTemplateReference | types.PromptReference,
+        argument: dict[str, str],
+        context_arguments: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> types.CompleteResult:
+        """Send a completion/complete request."""
+        context = None
+        if context_arguments is not None:
+            context = types.CompletionContext(arguments=context_arguments)
+
+        return await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(
+                types.CompleteRequest(
+                    params=types.CompleteRequestParams(
+                        ref=ref,
+                        argument=types.CompletionArgument(**argument),
+                        context=context,
+                    ),
+                )
+            ),
+            types.CompleteResult,
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated("Use list_tools(params=PaginatedRequestParams(...)) instead")
+    async def list_tools(self, cursor: str | None) -> types.ListToolsResult: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def list_tools(self, *, params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None) -> types.ListToolsResult: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def list_tools(self) -> types.ListToolsResult: ...
+
+    async def list_tools(
+        self,
+        cursor: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        params: types.PaginatedRequestParams | None = None,
+    ) -> types.ListToolsResult:
+        """Send a tools/list request.
+
+        Args:
+            cursor: Simple cursor string for pagination (deprecated, use params instead)
+            params: Full pagination parameters including cursor and any future fields
+        """
+        if params is not None and cursor is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot specify both cursor and params")
+
+        if params is not None:
+            request_params = params
+        elif cursor is not None:
+            request_params = types.PaginatedRequestParams(cursor=cursor)
+        else:
+            request_params = None
+
+        result = await self.send_request(
+            types.ClientRequest(types.ListToolsRequest(params=request_params)),
+            types.ListToolsResult,
+        )
+
+        # Cache tool output schemas for future validation
+        # Note: don't clear the cache, as we may be using a cursor
+        for tool in result.tools:
+            self._tool_output_schemas[tool.name] = tool.outputSchema
+
+        return result
+
+    async def send_roots_list_changed(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Send a roots/list_changed notification."""
+        await self.send_notification(types.ClientNotification(types.RootsListChangedNotification()))
+
+    async def _received_request(self, responder: RequestResponder[types.ServerRequest, types.ClientResult]) -> None:
+        ctx = RequestContext[ClientSession, Any](
+            request_id=responder.request_id,
+            meta=responder.request_meta,
+            session=self,
+            lifespan_context=None,
+        )
+
+        # Delegate to experimental task handler if applicable
+        if self._task_handlers.handles_request(responder.request):
+            with responder:
+                await self._task_handlers.handle_request(ctx, responder)
+            return None
+
+        # Core request handling
+        match responder.request.root:
+            case types.CreateMessageRequest(params=params):
+                with responder:
+                    # Check if this is a task-augmented request
+                    if params.task is not None:
+                        response = await self._task_handlers.augmented_sampling(ctx, params, params.task)
+                    else:
+                        response = await self._sampling_callback(ctx, params)
+                    client_response = ClientResponse.validate_python(response)
+                    await responder.respond(client_response)
+
+            case types.ElicitRequest(params=params):
+                with responder:
+                    # Check if this is a task-augmented request
+                    if params.task is not None:
+                        response = await self._task_handlers.augmented_elicitation(ctx, params, params.task)
+                    else:
+                        response = await self._elicitation_callback(ctx, params)
+                    client_response = ClientResponse.validate_python(response)
+                    await responder.respond(client_response)
+
+            case types.ListRootsRequest():
+                with responder:
+                    response = await self._list_roots_callback(ctx)
+                    client_response = ClientResponse.validate_python(response)
+                    await responder.respond(client_response)
+
+            case types.PingRequest():  # pragma: no cover
+                with responder:
+                    return await responder.respond(types.ClientResult(root=types.EmptyResult()))
+
+            case _:  # pragma: no cover
+                pass  # Task requests handled above by _task_handlers
+
+        return None
+
+    async def _handle_incoming(
+        self,
+        req: RequestResponder[types.ServerRequest, types.ClientResult] | types.ServerNotification | Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Handle incoming messages by forwarding to the message handler."""
+        await self._message_handler(req)
+
+    async def _received_notification(self, notification: types.ServerNotification) -> None:
+        """Handle notifications from the server."""
+        # Process specific notification types
+        match notification.root:
+            case types.LoggingMessageNotification(params=params):
+                await self._logging_callback(params)
+            case types.ElicitCompleteNotification(params=params):
+                # Handle elicitation completion notification
+                # Clients MAY use this to retry requests or update UI
+                # The notification contains the elicitationId of the completed elicitation
+                pass
+            case _:
+                pass

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/session_group.py

@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+"""
+SessionGroup concurrently manages multiple MCP session connections.
+
+Tools, resources, and prompts are aggregated across servers. Servers may
+be connected to or disconnected from at any point after initialization.
+
+This abstractions can handle naming collisions using a custom user-provided
+hook.
+"""
+
+import contextlib
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import timedelta
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, overload
+
+import anyio
+import httpx
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing_extensions import Self, deprecated
+
+import mcp
+from mcp import types
+from mcp.client.session import ElicitationFnT, ListRootsFnT, LoggingFnT, MessageHandlerFnT, SamplingFnT
+from mcp.client.sse import sse_client
+from mcp.client.stdio import StdioServerParameters
+from mcp.client.streamable_http import streamable_http_client
+from mcp.shared._httpx_utils import create_mcp_http_client
+from mcp.shared.exceptions import McpError
+from mcp.shared.session import ProgressFnT
+
+
+class SseServerParameters(BaseModel):
+    """Parameters for intializing a sse_client."""
+
+    # The endpoint URL.
+    url: str
+
+    # Optional headers to include in requests.
+    headers: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+
+    # HTTP timeout for regular operations.
+    timeout: float = 5
+
+    # Timeout for SSE read operations.
+    sse_read_timeout: float = 60 * 5
+
+
+class StreamableHttpParameters(BaseModel):
+    """Parameters for intializing a streamable_http_client."""
+
+    # The endpoint URL.
+    url: str
+
+    # Optional headers to include in requests.
+    headers: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+
+    # HTTP timeout for regular operations.
+    timeout: timedelta = timedelta(seconds=30)
+
+    # Timeout for SSE read operations.
+    sse_read_timeout: timedelta = timedelta(seconds=60 * 5)
+
+    # Close the client session when the transport closes.
+    terminate_on_close: bool = True
+
+
+ServerParameters: TypeAlias = StdioServerParameters | SseServerParameters | StreamableHttpParameters
+
+
+# Use dataclass instead of pydantic BaseModel
+# because pydantic BaseModel cannot handle Protocol fields.
+@dataclass
+class ClientSessionParameters:
+    """Parameters for establishing a client session to an MCP server."""
+
+    read_timeout_seconds: timedelta | None = None
+    sampling_callback: SamplingFnT | None = None
+    elicitation_callback: ElicitationFnT | None = None
+    list_roots_callback: ListRootsFnT | None = None
+    logging_callback: LoggingFnT | None = None
+    message_handler: MessageHandlerFnT | None = None
+    client_info: types.Implementation | None = None
+
+
+class ClientSessionGroup:
+    """Client for managing connections to multiple MCP servers.
+
+    This class is responsible for encapsulating management of server connections.
+    It aggregates tools, resources, and prompts from all connected servers.
+
+    For auxiliary handlers, such as resource subscription, this is delegated to
+    the client and can be accessed via the session.
+
+    Example Usage:
+        name_fn = lambda name, server_info: f"{(server_info.name)}_{name}"
+        async with ClientSessionGroup(component_name_hook=name_fn) as group:
+            for server_param in server_params:
+                await group.connect_to_server(server_param)
+            ...
+
+    """
+
+    class _ComponentNames(BaseModel):
+        """Used for reverse index to find components."""
+
+        prompts: set[str] = set()
+        resources: set[str] = set()
+        tools: set[str] = set()
+
+    # Standard MCP components.
+    _prompts: dict[str, types.Prompt]
+    _resources: dict[str, types.Resource]
+    _tools: dict[str, types.Tool]
+
+    # Client-server connection management.
+    _sessions: dict[mcp.ClientSession, _ComponentNames]
+    _tool_to_session: dict[str, mcp.ClientSession]
+    _exit_stack: contextlib.AsyncExitStack
+    _session_exit_stacks: dict[mcp.ClientSession, contextlib.AsyncExitStack]
+
+    # Optional fn consuming (component_name, serverInfo) for custom names.
+    # This is provide a means to mitigate naming conflicts across servers.
+    # Example: (tool_name, serverInfo) => "{result.serverInfo.name}.{tool_name}"
+    _ComponentNameHook: TypeAlias = Callable[[str, types.Implementation], str]
+    _component_name_hook: _ComponentNameHook | None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exit_stack: contextlib.AsyncExitStack | None = None,
+        component_name_hook: _ComponentNameHook | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initializes the MCP client."""
+
+        self._tools = {}
+        self._resources = {}
+        self._prompts = {}
+
+        self._sessions = {}
+        self._tool_to_session = {}
+        if exit_stack is None:
+            self._exit_stack = contextlib.AsyncExitStack()
+            self._owns_exit_stack = True
+        else:
+            self._exit_stack = exit_stack
+            self._owns_exit_stack = False
+        self._session_exit_stacks = {}
+        self._component_name_hook = component_name_hook
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Self:  # pragma: no cover
+        # Enter the exit stack only if we created it ourselves
+        if self._owns_exit_stack:
+            await self._exit_stack.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        _exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        _exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        _exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Closes session exit stacks and main exit stack upon completion."""
+
+        # Only close the main exit stack if we created it
+        if self._owns_exit_stack:
+            await self._exit_stack.aclose()
+
+        # Concurrently close session stacks.
+        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+            for exit_stack in self._session_exit_stacks.values():
+                tg.start_soon(exit_stack.aclose)
+
+    @property
+    def sessions(self) -> list[mcp.ClientSession]:
+        """Returns the list of sessions being managed."""
+        return list(self._sessions.keys())  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @property
+    def prompts(self) -> dict[str, types.Prompt]:
+        """Returns the prompts as a dictionary of names to prompts."""
+        return self._prompts
+
+    @property
+    def resources(self) -> dict[str, types.Resource]:
+        """Returns the resources as a dictionary of names to resources."""
+        return self._resources
+
+    @property
+    def tools(self) -> dict[str, types.Tool]:
+        """Returns the tools as a dictionary of names to tools."""
+        return self._tools
+
+    @overload
+    async def call_tool(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        arguments: dict[str, Any],
+        read_timeout_seconds: timedelta | None = None,
+        progress_callback: ProgressFnT | None = None,
+        *,
+        meta: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> types.CallToolResult: ...
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated("The 'args' parameter is deprecated. Use 'arguments' instead.")
+    async def call_tool(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        *,
+        args: dict[str, Any],
+        read_timeout_seconds: timedelta | None = None,
+        progress_callback: ProgressFnT | None = None,
+        meta: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> types.CallToolResult: ...
+
+    async def call_tool(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        arguments: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        read_timeout_seconds: timedelta | None = None,
+        progress_callback: ProgressFnT | None = None,
+        *,
+        meta: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        args: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> types.CallToolResult:
+        """Executes a tool given its name and arguments."""
+        session = self._tool_to_session[name]
+        session_tool_name = self.tools[name].name
+        return await session.call_tool(
+            session_tool_name,
+            arguments if args is None else args,
+            read_timeout_seconds=read_timeout_seconds,
+            progress_callback=progress_callback,
+            meta=meta,
+        )
+
+    async def disconnect_from_server(self, session: mcp.ClientSession) -> None:
+        """Disconnects from a single MCP server."""
+
+        session_known_for_components = session in self._sessions
+        session_known_for_stack = session in self._session_exit_stacks
+
+        if not session_known_for_components and not session_known_for_stack:
+            raise McpError(
+                types.ErrorData(
+                    code=types.INVALID_PARAMS,
+                    message="Provided session is not managed or already disconnected.",
+                )
+            )
+
+        if session_known_for_components:  # pragma: no cover
+            component_names = self._sessions.pop(session)  # Pop from _sessions tracking
+
+            # Remove prompts associated with the session.
+            for name in component_names.prompts:
+                if name in self._prompts:
+                    del self._prompts[name]
+            # Remove resources associated with the session.
+            for name in component_names.resources:
+                if name in self._resources:
+                    del self._resources[name]
+            # Remove tools associated with the session.
+            for name in component_names.tools:
+                if name in self._tools:
+                    del self._tools[name]
+                if name in self._tool_to_session:
+                    del self._tool_to_session[name]
+
+        # Clean up the session's resources via its dedicated exit stack
+        if session_known_for_stack:
+            session_stack_to_close = self._session_exit_stacks.pop(session)  # pragma: no cover
+            await session_stack_to_close.aclose()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def connect_with_session(
+        self, server_info: types.Implementation, session: mcp.ClientSession
+    ) -> mcp.ClientSession:
+        """Connects to a single MCP server."""
+        await self._aggregate_components(server_info, session)
+        return session
+
+    async def connect_to_server(
+        self,
+        server_params: ServerParameters,
+        session_params: ClientSessionParameters | None = None,
+    ) -> mcp.ClientSession:
+        """Connects to a single MCP server."""
+        server_info, session = await self._establish_session(server_params, session_params or ClientSessionParameters())
+        return await self.connect_with_session(server_info, session)
+
+    async def _establish_session(
+        self,
+        server_params: ServerParameters,
+        session_params: ClientSessionParameters,
+    ) -> tuple[types.Implementation, mcp.ClientSession]:
+        """Establish a client session to an MCP server."""
+
+        session_stack = contextlib.AsyncExitStack()
+        try:
+            # Create read and write streams that facilitate io with the server.
+            if isinstance(server_params, StdioServerParameters):
+                client = mcp.stdio_client(server_params)
+                read, write = await session_stack.enter_async_context(client)
+            elif isinstance(server_params, SseServerParameters):
+                client = sse_client(
+                    url=server_params.url,
+                    headers=server_params.headers,
+                    timeout=server_params.timeout,
+                    sse_read_timeout=server_params.sse_read_timeout,
+                )
+                read, write = await session_stack.enter_async_context(client)
+            else:
+                httpx_client = create_mcp_http_client(
+                    headers=server_params.headers,
+                    timeout=httpx.Timeout(
+                        server_params.timeout.total_seconds(),
+                        read=server_params.sse_read_timeout.total_seconds(),
+                    ),
+                )
+                await session_stack.enter_async_context(httpx_client)
+
+                client = streamable_http_client(
+                    url=server_params.url,
+                    http_client=httpx_client,
+                    terminate_on_close=server_params.terminate_on_close,
+                )
+                read, write, _ = await session_stack.enter_async_context(client)
+
+            session = await session_stack.enter_async_context(
+                mcp.ClientSession(
+                    read,
+                    write,
+                    read_timeout_seconds=session_params.read_timeout_seconds,
+                    sampling_callback=session_params.sampling_callback,
+                    elicitation_callback=session_params.elicitation_callback,
+                    list_roots_callback=session_params.list_roots_callback,
+                    logging_callback=session_params.logging_callback,
+                    message_handler=session_params.message_handler,
+                    client_info=session_params.client_info,
+                )
+            )
+
+            result = await session.initialize()
+
+            # Session successfully initialized.
+            # Store its stack and register the stack with the main group stack.
+            self._session_exit_stacks[session] = session_stack
+            # session_stack itself becomes a resource managed by the
+            # main _exit_stack.
+            await self._exit_stack.enter_async_context(session_stack)
+
+            return result.serverInfo, session
+        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+            # If anything during this setup fails, ensure the session-specific
+            # stack is closed.
+            await session_stack.aclose()
+            raise
+
+    async def _aggregate_components(self, server_info: types.Implementation, session: mcp.ClientSession) -> None:
+        """Aggregates prompts, resources, and tools from a given session."""
+
+        # Create a reverse index so we can find all prompts, resources, and
+        # tools belonging to this session. Used for removing components from
+        # the session group via self.disconnect_from_server.
+        component_names = self._ComponentNames()
+
+        # Temporary components dicts. We do not want to modify the aggregate
+        # lists in case of an intermediate failure.
+        prompts_temp: dict[str, types.Prompt] = {}
+        resources_temp: dict[str, types.Resource] = {}
+        tools_temp: dict[str, types.Tool] = {}
+        tool_to_session_temp: dict[str, mcp.ClientSession] = {}
+
+        # Query the server for its prompts and aggregate to list.
+        try:
+            prompts = (await session.list_prompts()).prompts
+            for prompt in prompts:
+                name = self._component_name(prompt.name, server_info)
+                prompts_temp[name] = prompt
+                component_names.prompts.add(name)
+        except McpError as err:  # pragma: no cover
+            logging.warning(f"Could not fetch prompts: {err}")
+
+        # Query the server for its resources and aggregate to list.
+        try:
+            resources = (await session.list_resources()).resources
+            for resource in resources:
+                name = self._component_name(resource.name, server_info)
+                resources_temp[name] = resource
+                component_names.resources.add(name)
+        except McpError as err:  # pragma: no cover
+            logging.warning(f"Could not fetch resources: {err}")
+
+        # Query the server for its tools and aggregate to list.
+        try:
+            tools = (await session.list_tools()).tools
+            for tool in tools:
+                name = self._component_name(tool.name, server_info)
+                tools_temp[name] = tool
+                tool_to_session_temp[name] = session
+                component_names.tools.add(name)
+        except McpError as err:  # pragma: no cover
+            logging.warning(f"Could not fetch tools: {err}")
+
+        # Clean up exit stack for session if we couldn't retrieve anything
+        # from the server.
+        if not any((prompts_temp, resources_temp, tools_temp)):
+            del self._session_exit_stacks[session]  # pragma: no cover
+
+        # Check for duplicates.
+        matching_prompts = prompts_temp.keys() & self._prompts.keys()
+        if matching_prompts:
+            raise McpError(  # pragma: no cover
+                types.ErrorData(
+                    code=types.INVALID_PARAMS,
+                    message=f"{matching_prompts} already exist in group prompts.",
+                )
+            )
+        matching_resources = resources_temp.keys() & self._resources.keys()
+        if matching_resources:
+            raise McpError(  # pragma: no cover
+                types.ErrorData(
+                    code=types.INVALID_PARAMS,
+                    message=f"{matching_resources} already exist in group resources.",
+                )
+            )
+        matching_tools = tools_temp.keys() & self._tools.keys()
+        if matching_tools:
+            raise McpError(
+                types.ErrorData(
+                    code=types.INVALID_PARAMS,
+                    message=f"{matching_tools} already exist in group tools.",
+                )
+            )
+
+        # Aggregate components.
+        self._sessions[session] = component_names
+        self._prompts.update(prompts_temp)
+        self._resources.update(resources_temp)
+        self._tools.update(tools_temp)
+        self._tool_to_session.update(tool_to_session_temp)
+
+    def _component_name(self, name: str, server_info: types.Implementation) -> str:
+        if self._component_name_hook:
+            return self._component_name_hook(name, server_info)
+        return name

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/sse.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from typing import Any
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urljoin, urlparse
+
+import anyio
+import httpx
+from anyio.abc import TaskStatus
+from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+from httpx_sse import aconnect_sse
+from httpx_sse._exceptions import SSEError
+
+import mcp.types as types
+from mcp.shared._httpx_utils import McpHttpClientFactory, create_mcp_http_client
+from mcp.shared.message import SessionMessage
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def remove_request_params(url: str) -> str:
+    return urljoin(url, urlparse(url).path)
+
+
+def _extract_session_id_from_endpoint(endpoint_url: str) -> str | None:
+    query_params = parse_qs(urlparse(endpoint_url).query)
+    return query_params.get("sessionId", [None])[0] or query_params.get("session_id", [None])[0]
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def sse_client(
+    url: str,
+    headers: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    timeout: float = 5,
+    sse_read_timeout: float = 60 * 5,
+    httpx_client_factory: McpHttpClientFactory = create_mcp_http_client,
+    auth: httpx.Auth | None = None,
+    on_session_created: Callable[[str], None] | None = None,
+):
+    """
+    Client transport for SSE.
+
+    `sse_read_timeout` determines how long (in seconds) the client will wait for a new
+    event before disconnecting. All other HTTP operations are controlled by `timeout`.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The SSE endpoint URL.
+        headers: Optional headers to include in requests.
+        timeout: HTTP timeout for regular operations.
+        sse_read_timeout: Timeout for SSE read operations.
+        auth: Optional HTTPX authentication handler.
+        on_session_created: Optional callback invoked with the session ID when received.
+    """
+    read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage | Exception]
+    read_stream_writer: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage | Exception]
+
+    write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage]
+    write_stream_reader: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage]
+
+    read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
+    write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
+
+    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+        try:
+            logger.debug(f"Connecting to SSE endpoint: {remove_request_params(url)}")
+            async with httpx_client_factory(
+                headers=headers, auth=auth, timeout=httpx.Timeout(timeout, read=sse_read_timeout)
+            ) as client:
+                async with aconnect_sse(
+                    client,
+                    "GET",
+                    url,
+                ) as event_source:
+                    event_source.response.raise_for_status()
+                    logger.debug("SSE connection established")
+
+                    async def sse_reader(
+                        task_status: TaskStatus[str] = anyio.TASK_STATUS_IGNORED,
+                    ):
+                        try:
+                            async for sse in event_source.aiter_sse():  # pragma: no branch
+                                logger.debug(f"Received SSE event: {sse.event}")
+                                match sse.event:
+                                    case "endpoint":
+                                        endpoint_url = urljoin(url, sse.data)
+                                        logger.debug(f"Received endpoint URL: {endpoint_url}")
+
+                                        url_parsed = urlparse(url)
+                                        endpoint_parsed = urlparse(endpoint_url)
+                                        if (  # pragma: no cover
+                                            url_parsed.netloc != endpoint_parsed.netloc
+                                            or url_parsed.scheme != endpoint_parsed.scheme
+                                        ):
+                                            error_msg = (  # pragma: no cover
+                                                f"Endpoint origin does not match connection origin: {endpoint_url}"
+                                            )
+                                            logger.error(error_msg)  # pragma: no cover
+                                            raise ValueError(error_msg)  # pragma: no cover
+
+                                        if on_session_created:
+                                            session_id = _extract_session_id_from_endpoint(endpoint_url)
+                                            if session_id:
+                                                on_session_created(session_id)
+
+                                        task_status.started(endpoint_url)
+
+                                    case "message":
+                                        # Skip empty data (keep-alive pings)
+                                        if not sse.data:
+                                            continue
+                                        try:
+                                            message = types.JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(  # noqa: E501
+                                                sse.data
+                                            )
+                                            logger.debug(f"Received server message: {message}")
+                                        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                                            logger.exception("Error parsing server message")  # pragma: no cover
+                                            await read_stream_writer.send(exc)  # pragma: no cover
+                                            continue  # pragma: no cover
+
+                                        session_message = SessionMessage(message)
+                                        await read_stream_writer.send(session_message)
+                                    case _:  # pragma: no cover
+                                        logger.warning(f"Unknown SSE event: {sse.event}")  # pragma: no cover
+                        except SSEError as sse_exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                            logger.exception("Encountered SSE exception")  # pragma: no cover
+                            raise sse_exc  # pragma: no cover
+                        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                            logger.exception("Error in sse_reader")  # pragma: no cover
+                            await read_stream_writer.send(exc)  # pragma: no cover
+                        finally:
+                            await read_stream_writer.aclose()
+
+                    async def post_writer(endpoint_url: str):
+                        try:
+                            async with write_stream_reader:
+                                async for session_message in write_stream_reader:
+                                    logger.debug(f"Sending client message: {session_message}")
+                                    response = await client.post(
+                                        endpoint_url,
+                                        json=session_message.message.model_dump(
+                                            by_alias=True,
+                                            mode="json",
+                                            exclude_none=True,
+                                        ),
+                                    )
+                                    response.raise_for_status()
+                                    logger.debug(f"Client message sent successfully: {response.status_code}")
+                        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                            logger.exception("Error in post_writer")  # pragma: no cover
+                        finally:
+                            await write_stream.aclose()
+
+                    endpoint_url = await tg.start(sse_reader)
+                    logger.debug(f"Starting post writer with endpoint URL: {endpoint_url}")
+                    tg.start_soon(post_writer, endpoint_url)
+
+                    try:
+                        yield read_stream, write_stream
+                    finally:
+                        tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+        finally:
+            await read_stream_writer.aclose()
+            await write_stream.aclose()

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/stdio/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Literal, TextIO
+
+import anyio
+import anyio.lowlevel
+from anyio.abc import Process
+from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+from anyio.streams.text import TextReceiveStream
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+import mcp.types as types
+from mcp.os.posix.utilities import terminate_posix_process_tree
+from mcp.os.win32.utilities import (
+    FallbackProcess,
+    create_windows_process,
+    get_windows_executable_command,
+    terminate_windows_process_tree,
+)
+from mcp.shared.message import SessionMessage
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Environment variables to inherit by default
+DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS = (
+    [
+        "APPDATA",
+        "HOMEDRIVE",
+        "HOMEPATH",
+        "LOCALAPPDATA",
+        "PATH",
+        "PATHEXT",
+        "PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE",
+        "SYSTEMDRIVE",
+        "SYSTEMROOT",
+        "TEMP",
+        "USERNAME",
+        "USERPROFILE",
+    ]
+    if sys.platform == "win32"
+    else ["HOME", "LOGNAME", "PATH", "SHELL", "TERM", "USER"]
+)
+
+# Timeout for process termination before falling back to force kill
+PROCESS_TERMINATION_TIMEOUT = 2.0
+
+
+def get_default_environment() -> dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Returns a default environment object including only environment variables deemed
+    safe to inherit.
+    """
+    env: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+    for key in DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS:
+        value = os.environ.get(key)
+        if value is None:
+            continue  # pragma: no cover
+
+        if value.startswith("()"):  # pragma: no cover
+            # Skip functions, which are a security risk
+            continue  # pragma: no cover
+
+        env[key] = value
+
+    return env
+
+
+class StdioServerParameters(BaseModel):
+    command: str
+    """The executable to run to start the server."""
+
+    args: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    """Command line arguments to pass to the executable."""
+
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    """
+    The environment to use when spawning the process.
+
+    If not specified, the result of get_default_environment() will be used.
+    """
+
+    cwd: str | Path | None = None
+    """The working directory to use when spawning the process."""
+
+    encoding: str = "utf-8"
+    """
+    The text encoding used when sending/receiving messages to the server
+
+    defaults to utf-8
+    """
+
+    encoding_error_handler: Literal["strict", "ignore", "replace"] = "strict"
+    """
+    The text encoding error handler.
+
+    See https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-base-classes for
+    explanations of possible values
+    """
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def stdio_client(server: StdioServerParameters, errlog: TextIO = sys.stderr):
+    """
+    Client transport for stdio: this will connect to a server by spawning a
+    process and communicating with it over stdin/stdout.
+    """
+    read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage | Exception]
+    read_stream_writer: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage | Exception]
+
+    write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage]
+    write_stream_reader: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage]
+
+    read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
+    write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
+
+    try:
+        command = _get_executable_command(server.command)
+
+        # Open process with stderr piped for capture
+        process = await _create_platform_compatible_process(
+            command=command,
+            args=server.args,
+            env=({**get_default_environment(), **server.env} if server.env is not None else get_default_environment()),
+            errlog=errlog,
+            cwd=server.cwd,
+        )
+    except OSError:
+        # Clean up streams if process creation fails
+        await read_stream.aclose()
+        await write_stream.aclose()
+        await read_stream_writer.aclose()
+        await write_stream_reader.aclose()
+        raise
+
+    async def stdout_reader():
+        assert process.stdout, "Opened process is missing stdout"
+
+        try:
+            async with read_stream_writer:
+                buffer = ""
+                async for chunk in TextReceiveStream(
+                    process.stdout,
+                    encoding=server.encoding,
+                    errors=server.encoding_error_handler,
+                ):
+                    lines = (buffer + chunk).split("\n")
+                    buffer = lines.pop()
+
+                    for line in lines:
+                        try:
+                            message = types.JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(line)
+                        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                            logger.exception("Failed to parse JSONRPC message from server")
+                            await read_stream_writer.send(exc)
+                            continue
+
+                        session_message = SessionMessage(message)
+                        await read_stream_writer.send(session_message)
+        except anyio.ClosedResourceError:  # pragma: no cover
+            await anyio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+
+    async def stdin_writer():
+        assert process.stdin, "Opened process is missing stdin"
+
+        try:
+            async with write_stream_reader:
+                async for session_message in write_stream_reader:
+                    json = session_message.message.model_dump_json(by_alias=True, exclude_none=True)
+                    await process.stdin.send(
+                        (json + "\n").encode(
+                            encoding=server.encoding,
+                            errors=server.encoding_error_handler,
+                        )
+                    )
+        except anyio.ClosedResourceError:  # pragma: no cover
+            await anyio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+
+    async with (
+        anyio.create_task_group() as tg,
+        process,
+    ):
+        tg.start_soon(stdout_reader)
+        tg.start_soon(stdin_writer)
+        try:
+            yield read_stream, write_stream
+        finally:
+            # MCP spec: stdio shutdown sequence
+            # 1. Close input stream to server
+            # 2. Wait for server to exit, or send SIGTERM if it doesn't exit in time
+            # 3. Send SIGKILL if still not exited
+            if process.stdin:  # pragma: no branch
+                try:
+                    await process.stdin.aclose()
+                except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                    # stdin might already be closed, which is fine
+                    pass
+
+            try:
+                # Give the process time to exit gracefully after stdin closes
+                with anyio.fail_after(PROCESS_TERMINATION_TIMEOUT):
+                    await process.wait()
+            except TimeoutError:
+                # Process didn't exit from stdin closure, use platform-specific termination
+                # which handles SIGTERM -> SIGKILL escalation
+                await _terminate_process_tree(process)
+            except ProcessLookupError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # Process already exited, which is fine
+                pass
+            await read_stream.aclose()
+            await write_stream.aclose()
+            await read_stream_writer.aclose()
+            await write_stream_reader.aclose()
+
+
+def _get_executable_command(command: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get the correct executable command normalized for the current platform.
+
+    Args:
+        command: Base command (e.g., 'uvx', 'npx')
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Platform-appropriate command
+    """
+    if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: no cover
+        return get_windows_executable_command(command)
+    else:
+        return command  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+async def _create_platform_compatible_process(
+    command: str,
+    args: list[str],
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    errlog: TextIO = sys.stderr,
+    cwd: Path | str | None = None,
+):
+    """
+    Creates a subprocess in a platform-compatible way.
+
+    Unix: Creates process in a new session/process group for killpg support
+    Windows: Creates process in a Job Object for reliable child termination
+    """
+    if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: no cover
+        process = await create_windows_process(command, args, env, errlog, cwd)
+    else:
+        process = await anyio.open_process(
+            [command, *args],
+            env=env,
+            stderr=errlog,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            start_new_session=True,
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    return process
+
+
+async def _terminate_process_tree(process: Process | FallbackProcess, timeout_seconds: float = 2.0) -> None:
+    """
+    Terminate a process and all its children using platform-specific methods.
+
+    Unix: Uses os.killpg() for atomic process group termination
+    Windows: Uses Job Objects via pywin32 for reliable child process cleanup
+
+    Args:
+        process: The process to terminate
+        timeout_seconds: Timeout in seconds before force killing (default: 2.0)
+    """
+    if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: no cover
+        await terminate_windows_process_tree(process, timeout_seconds)
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        # FallbackProcess should only be used for Windows compatibility
+        assert isinstance(process, Process)
+        await terminate_posix_process_tree(process, timeout_seconds)

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/streamable_http.py

@@ -0,0 +1,722 @@
+"""
+StreamableHTTP Client Transport Module
+
+This module implements the StreamableHTTP transport for MCP clients,
+providing support for HTTP POST requests with optional SSE streaming responses
+and session management.
+"""
+
+import contextlib
+import logging
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Awaitable, Callable
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import timedelta
+from typing import Any, overload
+from warnings import warn
+
+import anyio
+import httpx
+from anyio.abc import TaskGroup
+from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+from httpx_sse import EventSource, ServerSentEvent, aconnect_sse
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from mcp.shared._httpx_utils import (
+    McpHttpClientFactory,
+    create_mcp_http_client,
+)
+from mcp.shared.message import ClientMessageMetadata, SessionMessage
+from mcp.types import (
+    ErrorData,
+    InitializeResult,
+    JSONRPCError,
+    JSONRPCMessage,
+    JSONRPCNotification,
+    JSONRPCRequest,
+    JSONRPCResponse,
+    RequestId,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+SessionMessageOrError = SessionMessage | Exception
+StreamWriter = MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessageOrError]
+StreamReader = MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage]
+GetSessionIdCallback = Callable[[], str | None]
+
+MCP_SESSION_ID = "mcp-session-id"
+MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION = "mcp-protocol-version"
+LAST_EVENT_ID = "last-event-id"
+
+# Reconnection defaults
+DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_DELAY_MS = 1000  # 1 second fallback when server doesn't provide retry
+MAX_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS = 2  # Max retry attempts before giving up
+CONTENT_TYPE = "content-type"
+ACCEPT = "accept"
+
+
+JSON = "application/json"
+SSE = "text/event-stream"
+
+# Sentinel value for detecting unset optional parameters
+_UNSET = object()
+
+
+class StreamableHTTPError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for StreamableHTTP transport errors."""
+
+
+class ResumptionError(StreamableHTTPError):
+    """Raised when resumption request is invalid."""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RequestContext:
+    """Context for a request operation."""
+
+    client: httpx.AsyncClient
+    session_id: str | None
+    session_message: SessionMessage
+    metadata: ClientMessageMetadata | None
+    read_stream_writer: StreamWriter
+    headers: dict[str, str] | None = None  # Deprecated - no longer used
+    sse_read_timeout: float | None = None  # Deprecated - no longer used
+
+
+class StreamableHTTPTransport:
+    """StreamableHTTP client transport implementation."""
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, url: str) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated(
+        "Parameters headers, timeout, sse_read_timeout, and auth are deprecated. "
+        "Configure these on the httpx.AsyncClient instead."
+    )
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        timeout: float | timedelta = 30,
+        sse_read_timeout: float | timedelta = 60 * 5,
+        auth: httpx.Auth | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        headers: Any = _UNSET,
+        timeout: Any = _UNSET,
+        sse_read_timeout: Any = _UNSET,
+        auth: Any = _UNSET,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize the StreamableHTTP transport.
+
+        Args:
+            url: The endpoint URL.
+            headers: Optional headers to include in requests.
+            timeout: HTTP timeout for regular operations.
+            sse_read_timeout: Timeout for SSE read operations.
+            auth: Optional HTTPX authentication handler.
+        """
+        # Check for deprecated parameters and issue runtime warning
+        deprecated_params: list[str] = []
+        if headers is not _UNSET:
+            deprecated_params.append("headers")
+        if timeout is not _UNSET:
+            deprecated_params.append("timeout")
+        if sse_read_timeout is not _UNSET:
+            deprecated_params.append("sse_read_timeout")
+        if auth is not _UNSET:
+            deprecated_params.append("auth")
+
+        if deprecated_params:
+            warn(
+                f"Parameters {', '.join(deprecated_params)} are deprecated and will be ignored. "
+                "Configure these on the httpx.AsyncClient instead.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        self.url = url
+        self.session_id = None
+        self.protocol_version = None
+
+    def _prepare_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Build MCP-specific request headers.
+
+        These headers will be merged with the httpx.AsyncClient's default headers,
+        with these MCP-specific headers taking precedence.
+        """
+        headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+        # Add MCP protocol headers
+        headers[ACCEPT] = f"{JSON}, {SSE}"
+        headers[CONTENT_TYPE] = JSON
+        # Add session headers if available
+        if self.session_id:
+            headers[MCP_SESSION_ID] = self.session_id
+        if self.protocol_version:
+            headers[MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION] = self.protocol_version
+        return headers
+
+    def _is_initialization_request(self, message: JSONRPCMessage) -> bool:
+        """Check if the message is an initialization request."""
+        return isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCRequest) and message.root.method == "initialize"
+
+    def _is_initialized_notification(self, message: JSONRPCMessage) -> bool:
+        """Check if the message is an initialized notification."""
+        return isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCNotification) and message.root.method == "notifications/initialized"
+
+    def _maybe_extract_session_id_from_response(
+        self,
+        response: httpx.Response,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Extract and store session ID from response headers."""
+        new_session_id = response.headers.get(MCP_SESSION_ID)
+        if new_session_id:
+            self.session_id = new_session_id
+            logger.info(f"Received session ID: {self.session_id}")
+
+    def _maybe_extract_protocol_version_from_message(
+        self,
+        message: JSONRPCMessage,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Extract protocol version from initialization response message."""
+        if isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCResponse) and message.root.result:  # pragma: no branch
+            try:
+                # Parse the result as InitializeResult for type safety
+                init_result = InitializeResult.model_validate(message.root.result)
+                self.protocol_version = str(init_result.protocolVersion)
+                logger.info(f"Negotiated protocol version: {self.protocol_version}")
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"Failed to parse initialization response as InitializeResult: {exc}"
+                )  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.warning(f"Raw result: {message.root.result}")
+
+    async def _handle_sse_event(
+        self,
+        sse: ServerSentEvent,
+        read_stream_writer: StreamWriter,
+        original_request_id: RequestId | None = None,
+        resumption_callback: Callable[[str], Awaitable[None]] | None = None,
+        is_initialization: bool = False,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Handle an SSE event, returning True if the response is complete."""
+        if sse.event == "message":
+            # Handle priming events (empty data with ID) for resumability
+            if not sse.data:
+                # Call resumption callback for priming events that have an ID
+                if sse.id and resumption_callback:
+                    await resumption_callback(sse.id)
+                return False
+            try:
+                message = JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(sse.data)
+                logger.debug(f"SSE message: {message}")
+
+                # Extract protocol version from initialization response
+                if is_initialization:
+                    self._maybe_extract_protocol_version_from_message(message)
+
+                # If this is a response and we have original_request_id, replace it
+                if original_request_id is not None and isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCResponse | JSONRPCError):
+                    message.root.id = original_request_id
+
+                session_message = SessionMessage(message)
+                await read_stream_writer.send(session_message)
+
+                # Call resumption token callback if we have an ID
+                if sse.id and resumption_callback:
+                    await resumption_callback(sse.id)
+
+                # If this is a response or error return True indicating completion
+                # Otherwise, return False to continue listening
+                return isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCResponse | JSONRPCError)
+
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.exception("Error parsing SSE message")
+                await read_stream_writer.send(exc)
+                return False
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.warning(f"Unknown SSE event: {sse.event}")
+            return False
+
+    async def handle_get_stream(
+        self,
+        client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+        read_stream_writer: StreamWriter,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Handle GET stream for server-initiated messages with auto-reconnect."""
+        last_event_id: str | None = None
+        retry_interval_ms: int | None = None
+        attempt: int = 0
+
+        while attempt < MAX_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS:  # pragma: no branch
+            try:
+                if not self.session_id:
+                    return
+
+                headers = self._prepare_headers()
+                if last_event_id:
+                    headers[LAST_EVENT_ID] = last_event_id  # pragma: no cover
+
+                async with aconnect_sse(
+                    client,
+                    "GET",
+                    self.url,
+                    headers=headers,
+                ) as event_source:
+                    event_source.response.raise_for_status()
+                    logger.debug("GET SSE connection established")
+
+                    async for sse in event_source.aiter_sse():
+                        # Track last event ID for reconnection
+                        if sse.id:
+                            last_event_id = sse.id  # pragma: no cover
+                        # Track retry interval from server
+                        if sse.retry is not None:
+                            retry_interval_ms = sse.retry  # pragma: no cover
+
+                        await self._handle_sse_event(sse, read_stream_writer)
+
+                    # Stream ended normally (server closed) - reset attempt counter
+                    attempt = 0
+
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.debug(f"GET stream error: {exc}")
+                attempt += 1
+
+            if attempt >= MAX_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.debug(f"GET stream max reconnection attempts ({MAX_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS}) exceeded")
+                return
+
+            # Wait before reconnecting
+            delay_ms = retry_interval_ms if retry_interval_ms is not None else DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_DELAY_MS
+            logger.info(f"GET stream disconnected, reconnecting in {delay_ms}ms...")
+            await anyio.sleep(delay_ms / 1000.0)
+
+    async def _handle_resumption_request(self, ctx: RequestContext) -> None:
+        """Handle a resumption request using GET with SSE."""
+        headers = self._prepare_headers()
+        if ctx.metadata and ctx.metadata.resumption_token:
+            headers[LAST_EVENT_ID] = ctx.metadata.resumption_token
+        else:
+            raise ResumptionError("Resumption request requires a resumption token")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        # Extract original request ID to map responses
+        original_request_id = None
+        if isinstance(ctx.session_message.message.root, JSONRPCRequest):  # pragma: no branch
+            original_request_id = ctx.session_message.message.root.id
+
+        async with aconnect_sse(
+            ctx.client,
+            "GET",
+            self.url,
+            headers=headers,
+        ) as event_source:
+            event_source.response.raise_for_status()
+            logger.debug("Resumption GET SSE connection established")
+
+            async for sse in event_source.aiter_sse():  # pragma: no branch
+                is_complete = await self._handle_sse_event(
+                    sse,
+                    ctx.read_stream_writer,
+                    original_request_id,
+                    ctx.metadata.on_resumption_token_update if ctx.metadata else None,
+                )
+                if is_complete:
+                    await event_source.response.aclose()
+                    break
+
+    async def _handle_post_request(self, ctx: RequestContext) -> None:
+        """Handle a POST request with response processing."""
+        headers = self._prepare_headers()
+        message = ctx.session_message.message
+        is_initialization = self._is_initialization_request(message)
+
+        async with ctx.client.stream(
+            "POST",
+            self.url,
+            json=message.model_dump(by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True),
+            headers=headers,
+        ) as response:
+            if response.status_code == 202:
+                logger.debug("Received 202 Accepted")
+                return
+
+            if response.status_code == 404:  # pragma: no branch
+                if isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCRequest):
+                    await self._send_session_terminated_error(  # pragma: no cover
+                        ctx.read_stream_writer,  # pragma: no cover
+                        message.root.id,  # pragma: no cover
+                    )  # pragma: no cover
+                return  # pragma: no cover
+
+            response.raise_for_status()
+            if is_initialization:
+                self._maybe_extract_session_id_from_response(response)
+
+            # Per https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/basic#notifications:
+            # The server MUST NOT send a response to notifications.
+            if isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCRequest):
+                content_type = response.headers.get(CONTENT_TYPE, "").lower()
+                if content_type.startswith(JSON):
+                    await self._handle_json_response(response, ctx.read_stream_writer, is_initialization)
+                elif content_type.startswith(SSE):
+                    await self._handle_sse_response(response, ctx, is_initialization)
+                else:
+                    await self._handle_unexpected_content_type(  # pragma: no cover
+                        content_type,  # pragma: no cover
+                        ctx.read_stream_writer,  # pragma: no cover
+                    )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def _handle_json_response(
+        self,
+        response: httpx.Response,
+        read_stream_writer: StreamWriter,
+        is_initialization: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Handle JSON response from the server."""
+        try:
+            content = await response.aread()
+            message = JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(content)
+
+            # Extract protocol version from initialization response
+            if is_initialization:
+                self._maybe_extract_protocol_version_from_message(message)
+
+            session_message = SessionMessage(message)
+            await read_stream_writer.send(session_message)
+        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.exception("Error parsing JSON response")
+            await read_stream_writer.send(exc)
+
+    async def _handle_sse_response(
+        self,
+        response: httpx.Response,
+        ctx: RequestContext,
+        is_initialization: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Handle SSE response from the server."""
+        last_event_id: str | None = None
+        retry_interval_ms: int | None = None
+
+        try:
+            event_source = EventSource(response)
+            async for sse in event_source.aiter_sse():  # pragma: no branch
+                # Track last event ID for potential reconnection
+                if sse.id:
+                    last_event_id = sse.id
+
+                # Track retry interval from server
+                if sse.retry is not None:
+                    retry_interval_ms = sse.retry
+
+                is_complete = await self._handle_sse_event(
+                    sse,
+                    ctx.read_stream_writer,
+                    resumption_callback=(ctx.metadata.on_resumption_token_update if ctx.metadata else None),
+                    is_initialization=is_initialization,
+                )
+                # If the SSE event indicates completion, like returning respose/error
+                # break the loop
+                if is_complete:
+                    await response.aclose()
+                    return  # Normal completion, no reconnect needed
+        except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.debug(f"SSE stream ended: {e}")
+
+        # Stream ended without response - reconnect if we received an event with ID
+        if last_event_id is not None:  # pragma: no branch
+            logger.info("SSE stream disconnected, reconnecting...")
+            await self._handle_reconnection(ctx, last_event_id, retry_interval_ms)
+
+    async def _handle_reconnection(
+        self,
+        ctx: RequestContext,
+        last_event_id: str,
+        retry_interval_ms: int | None = None,
+        attempt: int = 0,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Reconnect with Last-Event-ID to resume stream after server disconnect."""
+        # Bail if max retries exceeded
+        if attempt >= MAX_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS:  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.debug(f"Max reconnection attempts ({MAX_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS}) exceeded")
+            return
+
+        # Always wait - use server value or default
+        delay_ms = retry_interval_ms if retry_interval_ms is not None else DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_DELAY_MS
+        await anyio.sleep(delay_ms / 1000.0)
+
+        headers = self._prepare_headers()
+        headers[LAST_EVENT_ID] = last_event_id
+
+        # Extract original request ID to map responses
+        original_request_id = None
+        if isinstance(ctx.session_message.message.root, JSONRPCRequest):  # pragma: no branch
+            original_request_id = ctx.session_message.message.root.id
+
+        try:
+            async with aconnect_sse(
+                ctx.client,
+                "GET",
+                self.url,
+                headers=headers,
+            ) as event_source:
+                event_source.response.raise_for_status()
+                logger.info("Reconnected to SSE stream")
+
+                # Track for potential further reconnection
+                reconnect_last_event_id: str = last_event_id
+                reconnect_retry_ms = retry_interval_ms
+
+                async for sse in event_source.aiter_sse():
+                    if sse.id:  # pragma: no branch
+                        reconnect_last_event_id = sse.id
+                    if sse.retry is not None:
+                        reconnect_retry_ms = sse.retry
+
+                    is_complete = await self._handle_sse_event(
+                        sse,
+                        ctx.read_stream_writer,
+                        original_request_id,
+                        ctx.metadata.on_resumption_token_update if ctx.metadata else None,
+                    )
+                    if is_complete:
+                        await event_source.response.aclose()
+                        return
+
+                # Stream ended again without response - reconnect again (reset attempt counter)
+                logger.info("SSE stream disconnected, reconnecting...")
+                await self._handle_reconnection(ctx, reconnect_last_event_id, reconnect_retry_ms, 0)
+        except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.debug(f"Reconnection failed: {e}")
+            # Try to reconnect again if we still have an event ID
+            await self._handle_reconnection(ctx, last_event_id, retry_interval_ms, attempt + 1)
+
+    async def _handle_unexpected_content_type(
+        self,
+        content_type: str,
+        read_stream_writer: StreamWriter,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Handle unexpected content type in response."""
+        error_msg = f"Unexpected content type: {content_type}"  # pragma: no cover
+        logger.error(error_msg)  # pragma: no cover
+        await read_stream_writer.send(ValueError(error_msg))  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def _send_session_terminated_error(
+        self,
+        read_stream_writer: StreamWriter,
+        request_id: RequestId,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Send a session terminated error response."""
+        jsonrpc_error = JSONRPCError(
+            jsonrpc="2.0",
+            id=request_id,
+            error=ErrorData(code=32600, message="Session terminated"),
+        )
+        session_message = SessionMessage(JSONRPCMessage(jsonrpc_error))
+        await read_stream_writer.send(session_message)
+
+    async def post_writer(
+        self,
+        client: httpx.AsyncClient,
+        write_stream_reader: StreamReader,
+        read_stream_writer: StreamWriter,
+        write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage],
+        start_get_stream: Callable[[], None],
+        tg: TaskGroup,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Handle writing requests to the server."""
+        try:
+            async with write_stream_reader:
+                async for session_message in write_stream_reader:
+                    message = session_message.message
+                    metadata = (
+                        session_message.metadata
+                        if isinstance(session_message.metadata, ClientMessageMetadata)
+                        else None
+                    )
+
+                    # Check if this is a resumption request
+                    is_resumption = bool(metadata and metadata.resumption_token)
+
+                    logger.debug(f"Sending client message: {message}")
+
+                    # Handle initialized notification
+                    if self._is_initialized_notification(message):
+                        start_get_stream()
+
+                    ctx = RequestContext(
+                        client=client,
+                        session_id=self.session_id,
+                        session_message=session_message,
+                        metadata=metadata,
+                        read_stream_writer=read_stream_writer,
+                    )
+
+                    async def handle_request_async():
+                        if is_resumption:
+                            await self._handle_resumption_request(ctx)
+                        else:
+                            await self._handle_post_request(ctx)
+
+                    # If this is a request, start a new task to handle it
+                    if isinstance(message.root, JSONRPCRequest):
+                        tg.start_soon(handle_request_async)
+                    else:
+                        await handle_request_async()
+
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Error in post_writer")  # pragma: no cover
+        finally:
+            await read_stream_writer.aclose()
+            await write_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def terminate_session(self, client: httpx.AsyncClient) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Terminate the session by sending a DELETE request."""
+        if not self.session_id:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            headers = self._prepare_headers()
+            response = await client.delete(self.url, headers=headers)
+
+            if response.status_code == 405:
+                logger.debug("Server does not allow session termination")
+            elif response.status_code not in (200, 204):
+                logger.warning(f"Session termination failed: {response.status_code}")
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning(f"Session termination failed: {exc}")
+
+    def get_session_id(self) -> str | None:
+        """Get the current session ID."""
+        return self.session_id
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def streamable_http_client(
+    url: str,
+    *,
+    http_client: httpx.AsyncClient | None = None,
+    terminate_on_close: bool = True,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[
+    tuple[
+        MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage | Exception],
+        MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage],
+        GetSessionIdCallback,
+    ],
+    None,
+]:
+    """
+    Client transport for StreamableHTTP.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The MCP server endpoint URL.
+        http_client: Optional pre-configured httpx.AsyncClient. If None, a default
+            client with recommended MCP timeouts will be created. To configure headers,
+            authentication, or other HTTP settings, create an httpx.AsyncClient and pass it here.
+        terminate_on_close: If True, send a DELETE request to terminate the session
+            when the context exits.
+
+    Yields:
+        Tuple containing:
+            - read_stream: Stream for reading messages from the server
+            - write_stream: Stream for sending messages to the server
+            - get_session_id_callback: Function to retrieve the current session ID
+
+    Example:
+        See examples/snippets/clients/ for usage patterns.
+    """
+    read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[SessionMessage | Exception](0)
+    write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[SessionMessage](0)
+
+    # Determine if we need to create and manage the client
+    client_provided = http_client is not None
+    client = http_client
+
+    if client is None:
+        # Create default client with recommended MCP timeouts
+        client = create_mcp_http_client()
+
+    transport = StreamableHTTPTransport(url)
+
+    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+        try:
+            logger.debug(f"Connecting to StreamableHTTP endpoint: {url}")
+
+            async with contextlib.AsyncExitStack() as stack:
+                # Only manage client lifecycle if we created it
+                if not client_provided:
+                    await stack.enter_async_context(client)
+
+                def start_get_stream() -> None:
+                    tg.start_soon(transport.handle_get_stream, client, read_stream_writer)
+
+                tg.start_soon(
+                    transport.post_writer,
+                    client,
+                    write_stream_reader,
+                    read_stream_writer,
+                    write_stream,
+                    start_get_stream,
+                    tg,
+                )
+
+                try:
+                    yield (
+                        read_stream,
+                        write_stream,
+                        transport.get_session_id,
+                    )
+                finally:
+                    if transport.session_id and terminate_on_close:
+                        await transport.terminate_session(client)
+                    tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+        finally:
+            await read_stream_writer.aclose()
+            await write_stream.aclose()
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+@deprecated("Use `streamable_http_client` instead.")
+async def streamablehttp_client(
+    url: str,
+    headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    timeout: float | timedelta = 30,
+    sse_read_timeout: float | timedelta = 60 * 5,
+    terminate_on_close: bool = True,
+    httpx_client_factory: McpHttpClientFactory = create_mcp_http_client,
+    auth: httpx.Auth | None = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[
+    tuple[
+        MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage | Exception],
+        MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage],
+        GetSessionIdCallback,
+    ],
+    None,
+]:
+    # Convert timeout parameters
+    timeout_seconds = timeout.total_seconds() if isinstance(timeout, timedelta) else timeout
+    sse_read_timeout_seconds = (
+        sse_read_timeout.total_seconds() if isinstance(sse_read_timeout, timedelta) else sse_read_timeout
+    )
+
+    # Create httpx client using the factory with old-style parameters
+    client = httpx_client_factory(
+        headers=headers,
+        timeout=httpx.Timeout(timeout_seconds, read=sse_read_timeout_seconds),
+        auth=auth,
+    )
+
+    # Manage client lifecycle since we created it
+    async with client:
+        async with streamable_http_client(
+            url,
+            http_client=client,
+            terminate_on_close=terminate_on_close,
+        ) as streams:
+            yield streams

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/client/websocket.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import json
+import logging
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+import anyio
+from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+from websockets.asyncio.client import connect as ws_connect
+from websockets.typing import Subprotocol
+
+import mcp.types as types
+from mcp.shared.message import SessionMessage
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def websocket_client(
+    url: str,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[
+    tuple[MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage | Exception], MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage]],
+    None,
+]:
+    """
+    WebSocket client transport for MCP, symmetrical to the server version.
+
+    Connects to 'url' using the 'mcp' subprotocol, then yields:
+        (read_stream, write_stream)
+
+    - read_stream: As you read from this stream, you'll receive either valid
+      JSONRPCMessage objects or Exception objects (when validation fails).
+    - write_stream: Write JSONRPCMessage objects to this stream to send them
+      over the WebSocket to the server.
+    """
+
+    # Create two in-memory streams:
+    # - One for incoming messages (read_stream, written by ws_reader)
+    # - One for outgoing messages (write_stream, read by ws_writer)
+    read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage | Exception]
+    read_stream_writer: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage | Exception]
+    write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[SessionMessage]
+    write_stream_reader: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[SessionMessage]
+
+    read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
+    write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
+
+    # Connect using websockets, requesting the "mcp" subprotocol
+    async with ws_connect(url, subprotocols=[Subprotocol("mcp")]) as ws:
+
+        async def ws_reader():
+            """
+            Reads text messages from the WebSocket, parses them as JSON-RPC messages,
+            and sends them into read_stream_writer.
+            """
+            async with read_stream_writer:
+                async for raw_text in ws:
+                    try:
+                        message = types.JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(raw_text)
+                        session_message = SessionMessage(message)
+                        await read_stream_writer.send(session_message)
+                    except ValidationError as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                        # If JSON parse or model validation fails, send the exception
+                        await read_stream_writer.send(exc)
+
+        async def ws_writer():
+            """
+            Reads JSON-RPC messages from write_stream_reader and
+            sends them to the server.
+            """
+            async with write_stream_reader:
+                async for session_message in write_stream_reader:
+                    # Convert to a dict, then to JSON
+                    msg_dict = session_message.message.model_dump(by_alias=True, mode="json", exclude_none=True)
+                    await ws.send(json.dumps(msg_dict))
+
+        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+            # Start reader and writer tasks
+            tg.start_soon(ws_reader)
+            tg.start_soon(ws_writer)
+
+            # Yield the receive/send streams
+            yield (read_stream, write_stream)
+
+            # Once the caller's 'async with' block exits, we shut down
+            tg.cancel_scope.cancel()

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/os/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""Platform-specific utilities for MCP."""

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/os/posix/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""POSIX-specific utilities for MCP."""

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/os/posix/utilities.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+"""
+POSIX-specific functionality for stdio client operations.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import signal
+
+import anyio
+from anyio.abc import Process
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+async def terminate_posix_process_tree(process: Process, timeout_seconds: float = 2.0) -> None:
+    """
+    Terminate a process and all its children on POSIX systems.
+
+    Uses os.killpg() for atomic process group termination.
+
+    Args:
+        process: The process to terminate
+        timeout_seconds: Timeout in seconds before force killing (default: 2.0)
+    """
+    pid = getattr(process, "pid", None) or getattr(getattr(process, "popen", None), "pid", None)
+    if not pid:
+        # No PID means there's no process to terminate - it either never started,
+        # already exited, or we have an invalid process object
+        return
+
+    try:
+        pgid = os.getpgid(pid)
+        os.killpg(pgid, signal.SIGTERM)
+
+        with anyio.move_on_after(timeout_seconds):
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    # Check if process group still exists (signal 0 = check only)
+                    os.killpg(pgid, 0)
+                    await anyio.sleep(0.1)
+                except ProcessLookupError:
+                    return
+
+        try:
+            os.killpg(pgid, signal.SIGKILL)
+        except ProcessLookupError:
+            pass
+
+    except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError, OSError) as e:
+        logger.warning(f"Process group termination failed for PID {pid}: {e}, falling back to simple terminate")
+        try:
+            process.terminate()
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout_seconds):
+                await process.wait()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.warning(f"Process termination failed for PID {pid}, attempting force kill")
+            try:
+                process.kill()
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception(f"Failed to kill process {pid}")

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/os/win32/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""Windows-specific utilities for MCP."""

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/os/win32/utilities.py

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+"""
+Windows-specific functionality for stdio client operations.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import BinaryIO, TextIO, cast
+
+import anyio
+from anyio import to_thread
+from anyio.abc import Process
+from anyio.streams.file import FileReadStream, FileWriteStream
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("client.stdio.win32")
+
+# Windows-specific imports for Job Objects
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    import pywintypes
+    import win32api
+    import win32con
+    import win32job
+else:
+    # Type stubs for non-Windows platforms
+    win32api = None
+    win32con = None
+    win32job = None
+    pywintypes = None
+
+JobHandle = int
+
+
+def get_windows_executable_command(command: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get the correct executable command normalized for Windows.
+
+    On Windows, commands might exist with specific extensions (.exe, .cmd, etc.)
+    that need to be located for proper execution.
+
+    Args:
+        command: Base command (e.g., 'uvx', 'npx')
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Windows-appropriate command path
+    """
+    try:
+        # First check if command exists in PATH as-is
+        if command_path := shutil.which(command):
+            return command_path
+
+        # Check for Windows-specific extensions
+        for ext in [".cmd", ".bat", ".exe", ".ps1"]:
+            ext_version = f"{command}{ext}"
+            if ext_path := shutil.which(ext_version):
+                return ext_path
+
+        # For regular commands or if we couldn't find special versions
+        return command
+    except OSError:
+        # Handle file system errors during path resolution
+        # (permissions, broken symlinks, etc.)
+        return command
+
+
+class FallbackProcess:
+    """
+    A fallback process wrapper for Windows to handle async I/O
+    when using subprocess.Popen, which provides sync-only FileIO objects.
+
+    This wraps stdin and stdout into async-compatible
+    streams (FileReadStream, FileWriteStream),
+    so that MCP clients expecting async streams can work properly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, popen_obj: subprocess.Popen[bytes]):
+        self.popen: subprocess.Popen[bytes] = popen_obj
+        self.stdin_raw = popen_obj.stdin  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.stdout_raw = popen_obj.stdout  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.stderr = popen_obj.stderr  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        self.stdin = FileWriteStream(cast(BinaryIO, self.stdin_raw)) if self.stdin_raw else None
+        self.stdout = FileReadStream(cast(BinaryIO, self.stdout_raw)) if self.stdout_raw else None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        """Support async context manager entry."""
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: BaseException | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: object | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Terminate and wait on process exit inside a thread."""
+        self.popen.terminate()
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self.popen.wait)
+
+        # Close the file handles to prevent ResourceWarning
+        if self.stdin:
+            await self.stdin.aclose()
+        if self.stdout:
+            await self.stdout.aclose()
+        if self.stdin_raw:
+            self.stdin_raw.close()
+        if self.stdout_raw:
+            self.stdout_raw.close()
+        if self.stderr:
+            self.stderr.close()
+
+    async def wait(self):
+        """Async wait for process completion."""
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self.popen.wait)
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        """Terminate the subprocess immediately."""
+        return self.popen.terminate()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        """Kill the subprocess immediately (alias for terminate)."""
+        self.terminate()
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        """Return the process ID."""
+        return self.popen.pid
+
+
+# ------------------------
+# Updated function
+# ------------------------
+
+
+async def create_windows_process(
+    command: str,
+    args: list[str],
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    errlog: TextIO | None = sys.stderr,
+    cwd: Path | str | None = None,
+) -> Process | FallbackProcess:
+    """
+    Creates a subprocess in a Windows-compatible way with Job Object support.
+
+    Attempt to use anyio's open_process for async subprocess creation.
+    In some cases this will throw NotImplementedError on Windows, e.g.
+    when using the SelectorEventLoop which does not support async subprocesses.
+    In that case, we fall back to using subprocess.Popen.
+
+    The process is automatically added to a Job Object to ensure all child
+    processes are terminated when the parent is terminated.
+
+    Args:
+        command (str): The executable to run
+        args (list[str]): List of command line arguments
+        env (dict[str, str] | None): Environment variables
+        errlog (TextIO | None): Where to send stderr output (defaults to sys.stderr)
+        cwd (Path | str | None): Working directory for the subprocess
+
+    Returns:
+        Process | FallbackProcess: Async-compatible subprocess with stdin and stdout streams
+    """
+    job = _create_job_object()
+    process = None
+
+    try:
+        # First try using anyio with Windows-specific flags to hide console window
+        process = await anyio.open_process(
+            [command, *args],
+            env=env,
+            # Ensure we don't create console windows for each process
+            creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NO_WINDOW  # type: ignore
+            if hasattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NO_WINDOW")
+            else 0,
+            stderr=errlog,
+            cwd=cwd,
+        )
+    except NotImplementedError:
+        # If Windows doesn't support async subprocess creation, use fallback
+        process = await _create_windows_fallback_process(command, args, env, errlog, cwd)
+    except Exception:
+        # Try again without creation flags
+        process = await anyio.open_process(
+            [command, *args],
+            env=env,
+            stderr=errlog,
+            cwd=cwd,
+        )
+
+    _maybe_assign_process_to_job(process, job)
+    return process
+
+
+async def _create_windows_fallback_process(
+    command: str,
+    args: list[str],
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    errlog: TextIO | None = sys.stderr,
+    cwd: Path | str | None = None,
+) -> FallbackProcess:
+    """
+    Create a subprocess using subprocess.Popen as a fallback when anyio fails.
+
+    This function wraps the sync subprocess.Popen in an async-compatible interface.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Try launching with creationflags to avoid opening a new console window
+        popen_obj = subprocess.Popen(
+            [command, *args],
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=errlog,
+            env=env,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            bufsize=0,  # Unbuffered output
+            creationflags=getattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NO_WINDOW", 0),
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        # If creationflags failed, fallback without them
+        popen_obj = subprocess.Popen(
+            [command, *args],
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=errlog,
+            env=env,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            bufsize=0,
+        )
+    return FallbackProcess(popen_obj)
+
+
+def _create_job_object() -> int | None:
+    """
+    Create a Windows Job Object configured to terminate all processes when closed.
+    """
+    if sys.platform != "win32" or not win32job:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        job = win32job.CreateJobObject(None, "")
+        extended_info = win32job.QueryInformationJobObject(job, win32job.JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation)
+
+        extended_info["BasicLimitInformation"]["LimitFlags"] |= win32job.JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE
+        win32job.SetInformationJobObject(job, win32job.JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, extended_info)
+        return job
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning(f"Failed to create Job Object for process tree management: {e}")
+        return None
+
+
+def _maybe_assign_process_to_job(process: Process | FallbackProcess, job: JobHandle | None) -> None:
+    """
+    Try to assign a process to a job object. If assignment fails
+    for any reason, the job handle is closed.
+    """
+    if not job:
+        return
+
+    if sys.platform != "win32" or not win32api or not win32con or not win32job:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        process_handle = win32api.OpenProcess(
+            win32con.PROCESS_SET_QUOTA | win32con.PROCESS_TERMINATE, False, process.pid
+        )
+        if not process_handle:
+            raise Exception("Failed to open process handle")
+
+        try:
+            win32job.AssignProcessToJobObject(job, process_handle)
+            process._job_object = job
+        finally:
+            win32api.CloseHandle(process_handle)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning(f"Failed to assign process {process.pid} to Job Object: {e}")
+        if win32api:
+            win32api.CloseHandle(job)
+
+
+async def terminate_windows_process_tree(process: Process | FallbackProcess, timeout_seconds: float = 2.0) -> None:
+    """
+    Terminate a process and all its children on Windows.
+
+    If the process has an associated job object, it will be terminated.
+    Otherwise, falls back to basic process termination.
+
+    Args:
+        process: The process to terminate
+        timeout_seconds: Timeout in seconds before force killing (default: 2.0)
+    """
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        return
+
+    job = getattr(process, "_job_object", None)
+    if job and win32job:
+        try:
+            win32job.TerminateJobObject(job, 1)
+        except Exception:
+            # Job might already be terminated
+            pass
+        finally:
+            if win32api:
+                try:
+                    win32api.CloseHandle(job)
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+
+    # Always try to terminate the process itself as well
+    try:
+        process.terminate()
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    "terminate_windows_process is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
+    "Process termination is now handled internally by the stdio_client context manager."
+)
+async def terminate_windows_process(process: Process | FallbackProcess):
+    """
+    Terminate a Windows process.
+
+    Note: On Windows, terminating a process with process.terminate() doesn't
+    always guarantee immediate process termination.
+    So we give it 2s to exit, or we call process.kill()
+    which sends a SIGKILL equivalent signal.
+
+    Args:
+        process: The process to terminate
+    """
+    try:
+        process.terminate()
+        with anyio.fail_after(2.0):
+            await process.wait()
+    except TimeoutError:
+        # Force kill if it doesn't terminate
+        process.kill()

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from .fastmcp import FastMCP
+from .lowlevel import NotificationOptions, Server
+from .models import InitializationOptions
+
+__all__ = ["Server", "FastMCP", "NotificationOptions", "InitializationOptions"]

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import importlib.metadata
+import logging
+import sys
+
+import anyio
+
+from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
+from mcp.server.session import ServerSession
+from mcp.server.stdio import stdio_server
+from mcp.types import ServerCapabilities
+
+if not sys.warnoptions:
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
+
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+logger = logging.getLogger("server")
+
+
+async def receive_loop(session: ServerSession):
+    logger.info("Starting receive loop")
+    async for message in session.incoming_messages:
+        if isinstance(message, Exception):
+            logger.error("Error: %s", message)
+            continue
+
+        logger.info("Received message from client: %s", message)
+
+
+async def main():
+    version = importlib.metadata.version("mcp")
+    async with stdio_server() as (read_stream, write_stream):
+        async with (
+            ServerSession(
+                read_stream,
+                write_stream,
+                InitializationOptions(
+                    server_name="mcp",
+                    server_version=version,
+                    capabilities=ServerCapabilities(),
+                ),
+            ) as session,
+            write_stream,
+        ):
+            await receive_loop(session)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    anyio.run(main, backend="trio")

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"""
+MCP OAuth server authorization components.
+"""

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+
+
+def stringify_pydantic_error(validation_error: ValidationError) -> str:
+    return "\n".join(f"{'.'.join(str(loc) for loc in e['loc'])}: {e['msg']}" for e in validation_error.errors())

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/handlers/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"""
+Request handlers for MCP authorization endpoints.
+"""

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/handlers/authorize.py

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+import logging
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel, Field, RootModel, ValidationError
+from starlette.datastructures import FormData, QueryParams
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse, Response
+
+from mcp.server.auth.errors import stringify_pydantic_error
+from mcp.server.auth.json_response import PydanticJSONResponse
+from mcp.server.auth.provider import (
+    AuthorizationErrorCode,
+    AuthorizationParams,
+    AuthorizeError,
+    OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider,
+    construct_redirect_uri,
+)
+from mcp.shared.auth import InvalidRedirectUriError, InvalidScopeError
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class AuthorizationRequest(BaseModel):
+    # See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.1
+    client_id: str = Field(..., description="The client ID")
+    redirect_uri: AnyUrl | None = Field(None, description="URL to redirect to after authorization")
+
+    # see OAuthClientMetadata; we only support `code`
+    response_type: Literal["code"] = Field(..., description="Must be 'code' for authorization code flow")
+    code_challenge: str = Field(..., description="PKCE code challenge")
+    code_challenge_method: Literal["S256"] = Field("S256", description="PKCE code challenge method, must be S256")
+    state: str | None = Field(None, description="Optional state parameter")
+    scope: str | None = Field(
+        None,
+        description="Optional scope; if specified, should be a space-separated list of scope strings",
+    )
+    resource: str | None = Field(
+        None,
+        description="RFC 8707 resource indicator - the MCP server this token will be used with",
+    )
+
+
+class AuthorizationErrorResponse(BaseModel):
+    error: AuthorizationErrorCode
+    error_description: str | None
+    error_uri: AnyUrl | None = None
+    # must be set if provided in the request
+    state: str | None = None
+
+
+def best_effort_extract_string(key: str, params: None | FormData | QueryParams) -> str | None:
+    if params is None:  # pragma: no cover
+        return None
+    value = params.get(key)
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        return value
+    return None
+
+
+class AnyUrlModel(RootModel[AnyUrl]):
+    root: AnyUrl
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AuthorizationHandler:
+    provider: OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[Any, Any, Any]
+
+    async def handle(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        # implements authorization requests for grant_type=code;
+        # see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.1
+
+        state = None
+        redirect_uri = None
+        client = None
+        params = None
+
+        async def error_response(
+            error: AuthorizationErrorCode,
+            error_description: str | None,
+            attempt_load_client: bool = True,
+        ):
+            # Error responses take two different formats:
+            # 1. The request has a valid client ID & redirect_uri: we issue a redirect
+            #    back to the redirect_uri with the error response fields as query
+            #    parameters. This allows the client to be notified of the error.
+            # 2. Otherwise, we return an error response directly to the end user;
+            #     we choose to do so in JSON, but this is left undefined in the
+            #     specification.
+            # See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.2.1
+            #
+            # This logic is a bit awkward to handle, because the error might be thrown
+            # very early in request validation, before we've done the usual Pydantic
+            # validation, loaded the client, etc. To handle this, error_response()
+            # contains fallback logic which attempts to load the parameters directly
+            # from the request.
+
+            nonlocal client, redirect_uri, state
+            if client is None and attempt_load_client:
+                # make last-ditch attempt to load the client
+                client_id = best_effort_extract_string("client_id", params)
+                client = await self.provider.get_client(client_id) if client_id else None
+            if redirect_uri is None and client:
+                # make last-ditch effort to load the redirect uri
+                try:
+                    if params is not None and "redirect_uri" not in params:
+                        raw_redirect_uri = None
+                    else:
+                        raw_redirect_uri = AnyUrlModel.model_validate(
+                            best_effort_extract_string("redirect_uri", params)
+                        ).root
+                    redirect_uri = client.validate_redirect_uri(raw_redirect_uri)
+                except (ValidationError, InvalidRedirectUriError):
+                    # if the redirect URI is invalid, ignore it & just return the
+                    # initial error
+                    pass
+
+            # the error response MUST contain the state specified by the client, if any
+            if state is None:  # pragma: no cover
+                # make last-ditch effort to load state
+                state = best_effort_extract_string("state", params)
+
+            error_resp = AuthorizationErrorResponse(
+                error=error,
+                error_description=error_description,
+                state=state,
+            )
+
+            if redirect_uri and client:
+                return RedirectResponse(
+                    url=construct_redirect_uri(str(redirect_uri), **error_resp.model_dump(exclude_none=True)),
+                    status_code=302,
+                    headers={"Cache-Control": "no-store"},
+                )
+            else:
+                return PydanticJSONResponse(
+                    status_code=400,
+                    content=error_resp,
+                    headers={"Cache-Control": "no-store"},
+                )
+
+        try:
+            # Parse request parameters
+            if request.method == "GET":
+                # Convert query_params to dict for pydantic validation
+                params = request.query_params
+            else:
+                # Parse form data for POST requests
+                params = await request.form()
+
+            # Save state if it exists, even before validation
+            state = best_effort_extract_string("state", params)
+
+            try:
+                auth_request = AuthorizationRequest.model_validate(params)
+                state = auth_request.state  # Update with validated state
+            except ValidationError as validation_error:
+                error: AuthorizationErrorCode = "invalid_request"
+                for e in validation_error.errors():
+                    if e["loc"] == ("response_type",) and e["type"] == "literal_error":
+                        error = "unsupported_response_type"
+                        break
+                return await error_response(error, stringify_pydantic_error(validation_error))
+
+            # Get client information
+            client = await self.provider.get_client(
+                auth_request.client_id,
+            )
+            if not client:
+                # For client_id validation errors, return direct error (no redirect)
+                return await error_response(
+                    error="invalid_request",
+                    error_description=f"Client ID '{auth_request.client_id}' not found",
+                    attempt_load_client=False,
+                )
+
+            # Validate redirect_uri against client's registered URIs
+            try:
+                redirect_uri = client.validate_redirect_uri(auth_request.redirect_uri)
+            except InvalidRedirectUriError as validation_error:
+                # For redirect_uri validation errors, return direct error (no redirect)
+                return await error_response(
+                    error="invalid_request",
+                    error_description=validation_error.message,
+                )
+
+            # Validate scope - for scope errors, we can redirect
+            try:
+                scopes = client.validate_scope(auth_request.scope)
+            except InvalidScopeError as validation_error:
+                # For scope errors, redirect with error parameters
+                return await error_response(
+                    error="invalid_scope",
+                    error_description=validation_error.message,
+                )
+
+            # Setup authorization parameters
+            auth_params = AuthorizationParams(
+                state=state,
+                scopes=scopes,
+                code_challenge=auth_request.code_challenge,
+                redirect_uri=redirect_uri,
+                redirect_uri_provided_explicitly=auth_request.redirect_uri is not None,
+                resource=auth_request.resource,  # RFC 8707
+            )
+
+            try:
+                # Let the provider pick the next URI to redirect to
+                return RedirectResponse(
+                    url=await self.provider.authorize(
+                        client,
+                        auth_params,
+                    ),
+                    status_code=302,
+                    headers={"Cache-Control": "no-store"},
+                )
+            except AuthorizeError as e:
+                # Handle authorization errors as defined in RFC 6749 Section 4.1.2.1
+                return await error_response(error=e.error, error_description=e.error_description)
+
+        except Exception as validation_error:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Catch-all for unexpected errors
+            logger.exception("Unexpected error in authorization_handler", exc_info=validation_error)
+            return await error_response(error="server_error", error_description="An unexpected error occurred")

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/handlers/metadata.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+
+from mcp.server.auth.json_response import PydanticJSONResponse
+from mcp.shared.auth import OAuthMetadata, ProtectedResourceMetadata
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MetadataHandler:
+    metadata: OAuthMetadata
+
+    async def handle(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        return PydanticJSONResponse(
+            content=self.metadata,
+            headers={"Cache-Control": "public, max-age=3600"},  # Cache for 1 hour
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ProtectedResourceMetadataHandler:
+    metadata: ProtectedResourceMetadata
+
+    async def handle(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        return PydanticJSONResponse(
+            content=self.metadata,
+            headers={"Cache-Control": "public, max-age=3600"},  # Cache for 1 hour
+        )

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/handlers/register.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import secrets
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, RootModel, ValidationError
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+
+from mcp.server.auth.errors import stringify_pydantic_error
+from mcp.server.auth.json_response import PydanticJSONResponse
+from mcp.server.auth.provider import OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider, RegistrationError, RegistrationErrorCode
+from mcp.server.auth.settings import ClientRegistrationOptions
+from mcp.shared.auth import OAuthClientInformationFull, OAuthClientMetadata
+
+
+class RegistrationRequest(RootModel[OAuthClientMetadata]):
+    # this wrapper is a no-op; it's just to separate out the types exposed to the
+    # provider from what we use in the HTTP handler
+    root: OAuthClientMetadata
+
+
+class RegistrationErrorResponse(BaseModel):
+    error: RegistrationErrorCode
+    error_description: str | None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RegistrationHandler:
+    provider: OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[Any, Any, Any]
+    options: ClientRegistrationOptions
+
+    async def handle(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        # Implements dynamic client registration as defined in https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7591#section-3.1
+        try:
+            # Parse request body as JSON
+            body = await request.json()
+            client_metadata = OAuthClientMetadata.model_validate(body)
+
+            # Scope validation is handled below
+        except ValidationError as validation_error:
+            return PydanticJSONResponse(
+                content=RegistrationErrorResponse(
+                    error="invalid_client_metadata",
+                    error_description=stringify_pydantic_error(validation_error),
+                ),
+                status_code=400,
+            )
+
+        client_id = str(uuid4())
+
+        # If auth method is None, default to client_secret_post
+        if client_metadata.token_endpoint_auth_method is None:
+            client_metadata.token_endpoint_auth_method = "client_secret_post"
+
+        client_secret = None
+        if client_metadata.token_endpoint_auth_method != "none":  # pragma: no branch
+            # cryptographically secure random 32-byte hex string
+            client_secret = secrets.token_hex(32)
+
+        if client_metadata.scope is None and self.options.default_scopes is not None:
+            client_metadata.scope = " ".join(self.options.default_scopes)
+        elif client_metadata.scope is not None and self.options.valid_scopes is not None:
+            requested_scopes = set(client_metadata.scope.split())
+            valid_scopes = set(self.options.valid_scopes)
+            if not requested_scopes.issubset(valid_scopes):  # pragma: no branch
+                return PydanticJSONResponse(
+                    content=RegistrationErrorResponse(
+                        error="invalid_client_metadata",
+                        error_description="Requested scopes are not valid: "
+                        f"{', '.join(requested_scopes - valid_scopes)}",
+                    ),
+                    status_code=400,
+                )
+        if not {"authorization_code", "refresh_token"}.issubset(set(client_metadata.grant_types)):
+            return PydanticJSONResponse(
+                content=RegistrationErrorResponse(
+                    error="invalid_client_metadata",
+                    error_description="grant_types must be authorization_code and refresh_token",
+                ),
+                status_code=400,
+            )
+
+        # The MCP spec requires servers to use the authorization `code` flow
+        # with PKCE
+        if "code" not in client_metadata.response_types:
+            return PydanticJSONResponse(
+                content=RegistrationErrorResponse(
+                    error="invalid_client_metadata",
+                    error_description="response_types must include 'code' for authorization_code grant",
+                ),
+                status_code=400,
+            )
+
+        client_id_issued_at = int(time.time())
+        client_secret_expires_at = (
+            client_id_issued_at + self.options.client_secret_expiry_seconds
+            if self.options.client_secret_expiry_seconds is not None
+            else None
+        )
+
+        client_info = OAuthClientInformationFull(
+            client_id=client_id,
+            client_id_issued_at=client_id_issued_at,
+            client_secret=client_secret,
+            client_secret_expires_at=client_secret_expires_at,
+            # passthrough information from the client request
+            redirect_uris=client_metadata.redirect_uris,
+            token_endpoint_auth_method=client_metadata.token_endpoint_auth_method,
+            grant_types=client_metadata.grant_types,
+            response_types=client_metadata.response_types,
+            client_name=client_metadata.client_name,
+            client_uri=client_metadata.client_uri,
+            logo_uri=client_metadata.logo_uri,
+            scope=client_metadata.scope,
+            contacts=client_metadata.contacts,
+            tos_uri=client_metadata.tos_uri,
+            policy_uri=client_metadata.policy_uri,
+            jwks_uri=client_metadata.jwks_uri,
+            jwks=client_metadata.jwks,
+            software_id=client_metadata.software_id,
+            software_version=client_metadata.software_version,
+        )
+        try:
+            # Register client
+            await self.provider.register_client(client_info)
+
+            # Return client information
+            return PydanticJSONResponse(content=client_info, status_code=201)
+        except RegistrationError as e:
+            # Handle registration errors as defined in RFC 7591 Section 3.2.2
+            return PydanticJSONResponse(
+                content=RegistrationErrorResponse(error=e.error, error_description=e.error_description),
+                status_code=400,
+            )

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/handlers/revoke.py

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+
+from mcp.server.auth.errors import (
+    stringify_pydantic_error,
+)
+from mcp.server.auth.json_response import PydanticJSONResponse
+from mcp.server.auth.middleware.client_auth import AuthenticationError, ClientAuthenticator
+from mcp.server.auth.provider import AccessToken, OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider, RefreshToken
+
+
+class RevocationRequest(BaseModel):
+    """
+    # See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7009#section-2.1
+    """
+
+    token: str
+    token_type_hint: Literal["access_token", "refresh_token"] | None = None
+    client_id: str
+    client_secret: str | None
+
+
+class RevocationErrorResponse(BaseModel):
+    error: Literal["invalid_request", "unauthorized_client"]
+    error_description: str | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RevocationHandler:
+    provider: OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[Any, Any, Any]
+    client_authenticator: ClientAuthenticator
+
+    async def handle(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Handler for the OAuth 2.0 Token Revocation endpoint.
+        """
+        try:
+            client = await self.client_authenticator.authenticate_request(request)
+        except AuthenticationError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+            return PydanticJSONResponse(
+                status_code=401,
+                content=RevocationErrorResponse(
+                    error="unauthorized_client",
+                    error_description=e.message,
+                ),
+            )
+
+        try:
+            form_data = await request.form()
+            revocation_request = RevocationRequest.model_validate(dict(form_data))
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            return PydanticJSONResponse(
+                status_code=400,
+                content=RevocationErrorResponse(
+                    error="invalid_request",
+                    error_description=stringify_pydantic_error(e),
+                ),
+            )
+
+        loaders = [
+            self.provider.load_access_token,
+            partial(self.provider.load_refresh_token, client),
+        ]
+        if revocation_request.token_type_hint == "refresh_token":  # pragma: no cover
+            loaders = reversed(loaders)
+
+        token: None | AccessToken | RefreshToken = None
+        for loader in loaders:
+            token = await loader(revocation_request.token)
+            if token is not None:
+                break
+
+        # if token is not found, just return HTTP 200 per the RFC
+        if token and token.client_id == client.client_id:
+            # Revoke token; provider is not meant to be able to do validation
+            # at this point that would result in an error
+            await self.provider.revoke_token(token)
+
+        # Return successful empty response
+        return Response(
+            status_code=200,
+            headers={
+                "Cache-Control": "no-store",
+                "Pragma": "no-cache",
+            },
+        )

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/handlers/token.py

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import base64
+import hashlib
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal
+
+from pydantic import AnyHttpUrl, AnyUrl, BaseModel, Field, RootModel, ValidationError
+from starlette.requests import Request
+
+from mcp.server.auth.errors import stringify_pydantic_error
+from mcp.server.auth.json_response import PydanticJSONResponse
+from mcp.server.auth.middleware.client_auth import AuthenticationError, ClientAuthenticator
+from mcp.server.auth.provider import OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider, TokenError, TokenErrorCode
+from mcp.shared.auth import OAuthToken
+
+
+class AuthorizationCodeRequest(BaseModel):
+    # See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.3
+    grant_type: Literal["authorization_code"]
+    code: str = Field(..., description="The authorization code")
+    redirect_uri: AnyUrl | None = Field(None, description="Must be the same as redirect URI provided in /authorize")
+    client_id: str
+    # we use the client_secret param, per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-2.3.1
+    client_secret: str | None = None
+    # See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7636#section-4.5
+    code_verifier: str = Field(..., description="PKCE code verifier")
+    # RFC 8707 resource indicator
+    resource: str | None = Field(None, description="Resource indicator for the token")
+
+
+class RefreshTokenRequest(BaseModel):
+    # See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-6
+    grant_type: Literal["refresh_token"]
+    refresh_token: str = Field(..., description="The refresh token")
+    scope: str | None = Field(None, description="Optional scope parameter")
+    client_id: str
+    # we use the client_secret param, per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-2.3.1
+    client_secret: str | None = None
+    # RFC 8707 resource indicator
+    resource: str | None = Field(None, description="Resource indicator for the token")
+
+
+class TokenRequest(
+    RootModel[
+        Annotated[
+            AuthorizationCodeRequest | RefreshTokenRequest,
+            Field(discriminator="grant_type"),
+        ]
+    ]
+):
+    root: Annotated[
+        AuthorizationCodeRequest | RefreshTokenRequest,
+        Field(discriminator="grant_type"),
+    ]
+
+
+class TokenErrorResponse(BaseModel):
+    """
+    See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-5.2
+    """
+
+    error: TokenErrorCode
+    error_description: str | None = None
+    error_uri: AnyHttpUrl | None = None
+
+
+class TokenSuccessResponse(RootModel[OAuthToken]):
+    # this is just a wrapper over OAuthToken; the only reason we do this
+    # is to have some separation between the HTTP response type, and the
+    # type returned by the provider
+    root: OAuthToken
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TokenHandler:
+    provider: OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[Any, Any, Any]
+    client_authenticator: ClientAuthenticator
+
+    def response(self, obj: TokenSuccessResponse | TokenErrorResponse):
+        status_code = 200
+        if isinstance(obj, TokenErrorResponse):
+            status_code = 400
+
+        return PydanticJSONResponse(
+            content=obj,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            headers={
+                "Cache-Control": "no-store",
+                "Pragma": "no-cache",
+            },
+        )
+
+    async def handle(self, request: Request):
+        try:
+            client_info = await self.client_authenticator.authenticate_request(request)
+        except AuthenticationError as e:
+            # Authentication failures should return 401
+            return PydanticJSONResponse(
+                content=TokenErrorResponse(
+                    error="unauthorized_client",
+                    error_description=e.message,
+                ),
+                status_code=401,
+                headers={
+                    "Cache-Control": "no-store",
+                    "Pragma": "no-cache",
+                },
+            )
+
+        try:
+            form_data = await request.form()
+            token_request = TokenRequest.model_validate(dict(form_data)).root
+        except ValidationError as validation_error:  # pragma: no cover
+            return self.response(
+                TokenErrorResponse(
+                    error="invalid_request",
+                    error_description=stringify_pydantic_error(validation_error),
+                )
+            )
+
+        if token_request.grant_type not in client_info.grant_types:  # pragma: no cover
+            return self.response(
+                TokenErrorResponse(
+                    error="unsupported_grant_type",
+                    error_description=(f"Unsupported grant type (supported grant types are {client_info.grant_types})"),
+                )
+            )
+
+        tokens: OAuthToken
+
+        match token_request:
+            case AuthorizationCodeRequest():
+                auth_code = await self.provider.load_authorization_code(client_info, token_request.code)
+                if auth_code is None or auth_code.client_id != token_request.client_id:
+                    # if code belongs to different client, pretend it doesn't exist
+                    return self.response(
+                        TokenErrorResponse(
+                            error="invalid_grant",
+                            error_description="authorization code does not exist",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                # make auth codes expire after a deadline
+                # see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.5
+                if auth_code.expires_at < time.time():
+                    return self.response(
+                        TokenErrorResponse(
+                            error="invalid_grant",
+                            error_description="authorization code has expired",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                # verify redirect_uri doesn't change between /authorize and /tokens
+                # see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.6
+                if auth_code.redirect_uri_provided_explicitly:
+                    authorize_request_redirect_uri = auth_code.redirect_uri
+                else:  # pragma: no cover
+                    authorize_request_redirect_uri = None
+
+                # Convert both sides to strings for comparison to handle AnyUrl vs string issues
+                token_redirect_str = str(token_request.redirect_uri) if token_request.redirect_uri is not None else None
+                auth_redirect_str = (
+                    str(authorize_request_redirect_uri) if authorize_request_redirect_uri is not None else None
+                )
+
+                if token_redirect_str != auth_redirect_str:
+                    return self.response(
+                        TokenErrorResponse(
+                            error="invalid_request",
+                            error_description=("redirect_uri did not match the one used when creating auth code"),
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                # Verify PKCE code verifier
+                sha256 = hashlib.sha256(token_request.code_verifier.encode()).digest()
+                hashed_code_verifier = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(sha256).decode().rstrip("=")
+
+                if hashed_code_verifier != auth_code.code_challenge:
+                    # see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7636#section-4.6
+                    return self.response(
+                        TokenErrorResponse(
+                            error="invalid_grant",
+                            error_description="incorrect code_verifier",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                try:
+                    # Exchange authorization code for tokens
+                    tokens = await self.provider.exchange_authorization_code(client_info, auth_code)
+                except TokenError as e:
+                    return self.response(
+                        TokenErrorResponse(
+                            error=e.error,
+                            error_description=e.error_description,
+                        )
+                    )
+
+            case RefreshTokenRequest():  # pragma: no cover
+                refresh_token = await self.provider.load_refresh_token(client_info, token_request.refresh_token)
+                if refresh_token is None or refresh_token.client_id != token_request.client_id:
+                    # if token belongs to different client, pretend it doesn't exist
+                    return self.response(
+                        TokenErrorResponse(
+                            error="invalid_grant",
+                            error_description="refresh token does not exist",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                if refresh_token.expires_at and refresh_token.expires_at < time.time():
+                    # if the refresh token has expired, pretend it doesn't exist
+                    return self.response(
+                        TokenErrorResponse(
+                            error="invalid_grant",
+                            error_description="refresh token has expired",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                # Parse scopes if provided
+                scopes = token_request.scope.split(" ") if token_request.scope else refresh_token.scopes
+
+                for scope in scopes:
+                    if scope not in refresh_token.scopes:
+                        return self.response(
+                            TokenErrorResponse(
+                                error="invalid_scope",
+                                error_description=(f"cannot request scope `{scope}` not provided by refresh token"),
+                            )
+                        )
+
+                try:
+                    # Exchange refresh token for new tokens
+                    tokens = await self.provider.exchange_refresh_token(client_info, refresh_token, scopes)
+                except TokenError as e:
+                    return self.response(
+                        TokenErrorResponse(
+                            error=e.error,
+                            error_description=e.error_description,
+                        )
+                    )
+
+        return self.response(TokenSuccessResponse(root=tokens))

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/json_response.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+class PydanticJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
+    # use pydantic json serialization instead of the stock `json.dumps`,
+    # so that we can handle serializing pydantic models like AnyHttpUrl
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        return content.model_dump_json(exclude_none=True).encode("utf-8")

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/middleware/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"""
+Middleware for MCP authorization.
+"""

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/middleware/auth_context.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import contextvars
+
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+from mcp.server.auth.middleware.bearer_auth import AuthenticatedUser
+from mcp.server.auth.provider import AccessToken
+
+# Create a contextvar to store the authenticated user
+# The default is None, indicating no authenticated user is present
+auth_context_var = contextvars.ContextVar[AuthenticatedUser | None]("auth_context", default=None)
+
+
+def get_access_token() -> AccessToken | None:
+    """
+    Get the access token from the current context.
+
+    Returns:
+        The access token if an authenticated user is available, None otherwise.
+    """
+    auth_user = auth_context_var.get()
+    return auth_user.access_token if auth_user else None
+
+
+class AuthContextMiddleware:
+    """
+    Middleware that extracts the authenticated user from the request
+    and sets it in a contextvar for easy access throughout the request lifecycle.
+
+    This middleware should be added after the AuthenticationMiddleware in the
+    middleware stack to ensure that the user is properly authenticated before
+    being stored in the context.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp):
+        self.app = app
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send):
+        user = scope.get("user")
+        if isinstance(user, AuthenticatedUser):
+            # Set the authenticated user in the contextvar
+            token = auth_context_var.set(user)
+            try:
+                await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            finally:
+                auth_context_var.reset(token)
+        else:
+            # No authenticated user, just process the request
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/middleware/bearer_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import json
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+from pydantic import AnyHttpUrl
+from starlette.authentication import AuthCredentials, AuthenticationBackend, SimpleUser
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection
+from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send
+
+from mcp.server.auth.provider import AccessToken, TokenVerifier
+
+
+class AuthenticatedUser(SimpleUser):
+    """User with authentication info."""
+
+    def __init__(self, auth_info: AccessToken):
+        super().__init__(auth_info.client_id)
+        self.access_token = auth_info
+        self.scopes = auth_info.scopes
+
+
+class BearerAuthBackend(AuthenticationBackend):
+    """
+    Authentication backend that validates Bearer tokens using a TokenVerifier.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, token_verifier: TokenVerifier):
+        self.token_verifier = token_verifier
+
+    async def authenticate(self, conn: HTTPConnection):
+        auth_header = next(
+            (conn.headers.get(key) for key in conn.headers if key.lower() == "authorization"),
+            None,
+        )
+        if not auth_header or not auth_header.lower().startswith("bearer "):
+            return None
+
+        token = auth_header[7:]  # Remove "Bearer " prefix
+
+        # Validate the token with the verifier
+        auth_info = await self.token_verifier.verify_token(token)
+
+        if not auth_info:
+            return None
+
+        if auth_info.expires_at and auth_info.expires_at < int(time.time()):
+            return None
+
+        return AuthCredentials(auth_info.scopes), AuthenticatedUser(auth_info)
+
+
+class RequireAuthMiddleware:
+    """
+    Middleware that requires a valid Bearer token in the Authorization header.
+
+    This will validate the token with the auth provider and store the resulting
+    auth info in the request state.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: Any,
+        required_scopes: list[str],
+        resource_metadata_url: AnyHttpUrl | None = None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Initialize the middleware.
+
+        Args:
+            app: ASGI application
+            required_scopes: List of scopes that the token must have
+            resource_metadata_url: Optional protected resource metadata URL for WWW-Authenticate header
+        """
+        self.app = app
+        self.required_scopes = required_scopes
+        self.resource_metadata_url = resource_metadata_url
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        auth_user = scope.get("user")
+        if not isinstance(auth_user, AuthenticatedUser):
+            await self._send_auth_error(
+                send, status_code=401, error="invalid_token", description="Authentication required"
+            )
+            return
+
+        auth_credentials = scope.get("auth")
+
+        for required_scope in self.required_scopes:
+            # auth_credentials should always be provided; this is just paranoia
+            if auth_credentials is None or required_scope not in auth_credentials.scopes:
+                await self._send_auth_error(
+                    send, status_code=403, error="insufficient_scope", description=f"Required scope: {required_scope}"
+                )
+                return
+
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def _send_auth_error(self, send: Send, status_code: int, error: str, description: str) -> None:
+        """Send an authentication error response with WWW-Authenticate header."""
+        # Build WWW-Authenticate header value
+        www_auth_parts = [f'error="{error}"', f'error_description="{description}"']
+        if self.resource_metadata_url:  # pragma: no cover
+            www_auth_parts.append(f'resource_metadata="{self.resource_metadata_url}"')
+
+        www_authenticate = f"Bearer {', '.join(www_auth_parts)}"
+
+        # Send response
+        body = {"error": error, "error_description": description}
+        body_bytes = json.dumps(body).encode()
+
+        await send(
+            {
+                "type": "http.response.start",
+                "status": status_code,
+                "headers": [
+                    (b"content-type", b"application/json"),
+                    (b"content-length", str(len(body_bytes)).encode()),
+                    (b"www-authenticate", www_authenticate.encode()),
+                ],
+            }
+        )
+
+        await send(
+            {
+                "type": "http.response.body",
+                "body": body_bytes,
+            }
+        )

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/middleware/client_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import base64
+import binascii
+import hmac
+import time
+from typing import Any
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from starlette.requests import Request
+
+from mcp.server.auth.provider import OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider
+from mcp.shared.auth import OAuthClientInformationFull
+
+
+class AuthenticationError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, message: str):
+        self.message = message  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class ClientAuthenticator:
+    """
+    ClientAuthenticator is a callable which validates requests from a client
+    application, used to verify /token calls.
+    If, during registration, the client requested to be issued a secret, the
+    authenticator asserts that /token calls must be authenticated with
+    that same token.
+    NOTE: clients can opt for no authentication during registration, in which case this
+    logic is skipped.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, provider: OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[Any, Any, Any]):
+        """
+        Initialize the dependency.
+
+        Args:
+            provider: Provider to look up client information
+        """
+        self.provider = provider
+
+    async def authenticate_request(self, request: Request) -> OAuthClientInformationFull:
+        """
+        Authenticate a client from an HTTP request.
+
+        Extracts client credentials from the appropriate location based on the
+        client's registered authentication method and validates them.
+
+        Args:
+            request: The HTTP request containing client credentials
+
+        Returns:
+            The authenticated client information
+
+        Raises:
+            AuthenticationError: If authentication fails
+        """
+        form_data = await request.form()
+        client_id = form_data.get("client_id")
+        if not client_id:
+            raise AuthenticationError("Missing client_id")
+
+        client = await self.provider.get_client(str(client_id))
+        if not client:
+            raise AuthenticationError("Invalid client_id")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        request_client_secret: str | None = None
+        auth_header = request.headers.get("Authorization", "")
+
+        if client.token_endpoint_auth_method == "client_secret_basic":
+            if not auth_header.startswith("Basic "):
+                raise AuthenticationError("Missing or invalid Basic authentication in Authorization header")
+
+            try:
+                encoded_credentials = auth_header[6:]  # Remove "Basic " prefix
+                decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded_credentials).decode("utf-8")
+                if ":" not in decoded:
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid Basic auth format")
+                basic_client_id, request_client_secret = decoded.split(":", 1)
+
+                # URL-decode both parts per RFC 6749 Section 2.3.1
+                basic_client_id = unquote(basic_client_id)
+                request_client_secret = unquote(request_client_secret)
+
+                if basic_client_id != client_id:
+                    raise AuthenticationError("Client ID mismatch in Basic auth")
+            except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError, binascii.Error):
+                raise AuthenticationError("Invalid Basic authentication header")
+
+        elif client.token_endpoint_auth_method == "client_secret_post":
+            raw_form_data = form_data.get("client_secret")
+            # form_data.get() can return a UploadFile or None, so we need to check if it's a string
+            if isinstance(raw_form_data, str):
+                request_client_secret = str(raw_form_data)
+
+        elif client.token_endpoint_auth_method == "none":
+            request_client_secret = None
+        else:
+            raise AuthenticationError(  # pragma: no cover
+                f"Unsupported auth method: {client.token_endpoint_auth_method}"
+            )
+
+        # If client from the store expects a secret, validate that the request provides
+        # that secret
+        if client.client_secret:  # pragma: no branch
+            if not request_client_secret:
+                raise AuthenticationError("Client secret is required")  # pragma: no cover
+
+            # hmac.compare_digest requires that both arguments are either bytes or a `str` containing
+            # only ASCII characters. Since we do not control `request_client_secret`, we encode both
+            # arguments to bytes.
+            if not hmac.compare_digest(client.client_secret.encode(), request_client_secret.encode()):
+                raise AuthenticationError("Invalid client_secret")  # pragma: no cover
+
+            if client.client_secret_expires_at and client.client_secret_expires_at < int(time.time()):
+                raise AuthenticationError("Client secret has expired")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        return client

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/provider.py

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Generic, Literal, Protocol, TypeVar
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urlencode, urlparse, urlunparse
+
+from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel
+
+from mcp.shared.auth import OAuthClientInformationFull, OAuthToken
+
+
+class AuthorizationParams(BaseModel):
+    state: str | None
+    scopes: list[str] | None
+    code_challenge: str
+    redirect_uri: AnyUrl
+    redirect_uri_provided_explicitly: bool
+    resource: str | None = None  # RFC 8707 resource indicator
+
+
+class AuthorizationCode(BaseModel):
+    code: str
+    scopes: list[str]
+    expires_at: float
+    client_id: str
+    code_challenge: str
+    redirect_uri: AnyUrl
+    redirect_uri_provided_explicitly: bool
+    resource: str | None = None  # RFC 8707 resource indicator
+
+
+class RefreshToken(BaseModel):
+    token: str
+    client_id: str
+    scopes: list[str]
+    expires_at: int | None = None
+
+
+class AccessToken(BaseModel):
+    token: str
+    client_id: str
+    scopes: list[str]
+    expires_at: int | None = None
+    resource: str | None = None  # RFC 8707 resource indicator
+
+
+RegistrationErrorCode = Literal[
+    "invalid_redirect_uri",
+    "invalid_client_metadata",
+    "invalid_software_statement",
+    "unapproved_software_statement",
+]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RegistrationError(Exception):
+    error: RegistrationErrorCode
+    error_description: str | None = None
+
+
+AuthorizationErrorCode = Literal[
+    "invalid_request",
+    "unauthorized_client",
+    "access_denied",
+    "unsupported_response_type",
+    "invalid_scope",
+    "server_error",
+    "temporarily_unavailable",
+]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class AuthorizeError(Exception):
+    error: AuthorizationErrorCode
+    error_description: str | None = None
+
+
+TokenErrorCode = Literal[
+    "invalid_request",
+    "invalid_client",
+    "invalid_grant",
+    "unauthorized_client",
+    "unsupported_grant_type",
+    "invalid_scope",
+]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TokenError(Exception):
+    error: TokenErrorCode
+    error_description: str | None = None
+
+
+class TokenVerifier(Protocol):
+    """Protocol for verifying bearer tokens."""
+
+    async def verify_token(self, token: str) -> AccessToken | None:
+        """Verify a bearer token and return access info if valid."""
+
+
+# NOTE: FastMCP doesn't render any of these types in the user response, so it's
+# OK to add fields to subclasses which should not be exposed externally.
+AuthorizationCodeT = TypeVar("AuthorizationCodeT", bound=AuthorizationCode)
+RefreshTokenT = TypeVar("RefreshTokenT", bound=RefreshToken)
+AccessTokenT = TypeVar("AccessTokenT", bound=AccessToken)
+
+
+class OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider(Protocol, Generic[AuthorizationCodeT, RefreshTokenT, AccessTokenT]):
+    async def get_client(self, client_id: str) -> OAuthClientInformationFull | None:
+        """
+        Retrieves client information by client ID.
+
+        Implementors MAY raise NotImplementedError if dynamic client registration is
+        disabled in ClientRegistrationOptions.
+
+        Args:
+            client_id: The ID of the client to retrieve.
+
+        Returns:
+            The client information, or None if the client does not exist.
+        """
+
+    async def register_client(self, client_info: OAuthClientInformationFull) -> None:
+        """
+        Saves client information as part of registering it.
+
+        Implementors MAY raise NotImplementedError if dynamic client registration is
+        disabled in ClientRegistrationOptions.
+
+        Args:
+            client_info: The client metadata to register.
+
+        Raises:
+            RegistrationError: If the client metadata is invalid.
+        """
+
+    async def authorize(self, client: OAuthClientInformationFull, params: AuthorizationParams) -> str:
+        """
+        Called as part of the /authorize endpoint, and returns a URL that the client
+        will be redirected to.
+        Many MCP implementations will redirect to a third-party provider to perform
+        a second OAuth exchange with that provider. In this sort of setup, the client
+        has an OAuth connection with the MCP server, and the MCP server has an OAuth
+        connection with the 3rd-party provider. At the end of this flow, the client
+        should be redirected to the redirect_uri from params.redirect_uri.
+
+        +--------+     +------------+     +-------------------+
+        |        |     |            |     |                   |
+        | Client | --> | MCP Server | --> | 3rd Party OAuth   |
+        |        |     |            |     | Server            |
+        +--------+     +------------+     +-------------------+
+                            |   ^                  |
+        +------------+      |   |                  |
+        |            |      |   |    Redirect      |
+        |redirect_uri|<-----+   +------------------+
+        |            |
+        +------------+
+
+        Implementations will need to define another handler on the MCP server return
+        flow to perform the second redirect, and generate and store an authorization
+        code as part of completing the OAuth authorization step.
+
+        Implementations SHOULD generate an authorization code with at least 160 bits of
+        entropy,
+        and MUST generate an authorization code with at least 128 bits of entropy.
+        See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.10.
+
+        Args:
+            client: The client requesting authorization.
+            params: The parameters of the authorization request.
+
+        Returns:
+            A URL to redirect the client to for authorization.
+
+        Raises:
+            AuthorizeError: If the authorization request is invalid.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    async def load_authorization_code(
+        self, client: OAuthClientInformationFull, authorization_code: str
+    ) -> AuthorizationCodeT | None:
+        """
+        Loads an AuthorizationCode by its code.
+
+        Args:
+            client: The client that requested the authorization code.
+            authorization_code: The authorization code to get the challenge for.
+
+        Returns:
+            The AuthorizationCode, or None if not found
+        """
+        ...
+
+    async def exchange_authorization_code(
+        self, client: OAuthClientInformationFull, authorization_code: AuthorizationCodeT
+    ) -> OAuthToken:
+        """
+        Exchanges an authorization code for an access token and refresh token.
+
+        Args:
+            client: The client exchanging the authorization code.
+            authorization_code: The authorization code to exchange.
+
+        Returns:
+            The OAuth token, containing access and refresh tokens.
+
+        Raises:
+            TokenError: If the request is invalid
+        """
+        ...
+
+    async def load_refresh_token(self, client: OAuthClientInformationFull, refresh_token: str) -> RefreshTokenT | None:
+        """
+        Loads a RefreshToken by its token string.
+
+        Args:
+            client: The client that is requesting to load the refresh token.
+            refresh_token: The refresh token string to load.
+
+        Returns:
+            The RefreshToken object if found, or None if not found.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    async def exchange_refresh_token(
+        self,
+        client: OAuthClientInformationFull,
+        refresh_token: RefreshTokenT,
+        scopes: list[str],
+    ) -> OAuthToken:
+        """
+        Exchanges a refresh token for an access token and refresh token.
+
+        Implementations SHOULD rotate both the access token and refresh token.
+
+        Args:
+            client: The client exchanging the refresh token.
+            refresh_token: The refresh token to exchange.
+            scopes: Optional scopes to request with the new access token.
+
+        Returns:
+            The OAuth token, containing access and refresh tokens.
+
+        Raises:
+            TokenError: If the request is invalid
+        """
+        ...
+
+    async def load_access_token(self, token: str) -> AccessTokenT | None:
+        """
+        Loads an access token by its token.
+
+        Args:
+            token: The access token to verify.
+
+        Returns:
+            The AuthInfo, or None if the token is invalid.
+        """
+
+    async def revoke_token(
+        self,
+        token: AccessTokenT | RefreshTokenT,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Revokes an access or refresh token.
+
+        If the given token is invalid or already revoked, this method should do nothing.
+
+        Implementations SHOULD revoke both the access token and its corresponding
+        refresh token, regardless of which of the access token or refresh token is
+        provided.
+
+        Args:
+            token: the token to revoke
+        """
+
+
+def construct_redirect_uri(redirect_uri_base: str, **params: str | None) -> str:
+    parsed_uri = urlparse(redirect_uri_base)
+    query_params = [(k, v) for k, vs in parse_qs(parsed_uri.query).items() for v in vs]
+    for k, v in params.items():
+        if v is not None:
+            query_params.append((k, v))
+
+    redirect_uri = urlunparse(parsed_uri._replace(query=urlencode(query_params)))
+    return redirect_uri
+
+
+class ProviderTokenVerifier(TokenVerifier):
+    """Token verifier that uses an OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider.
+
+    This is provided for backwards compatibility with existing auth_server_provider
+    configurations. For new implementations using AS/RS separation, consider using
+    the TokenVerifier protocol with a dedicated implementation like IntrospectionTokenVerifier.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, provider: "OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[AuthorizationCode, RefreshToken, AccessToken]"):
+        self.provider = provider
+
+    async def verify_token(self, token: str) -> AccessToken | None:
+        """Verify token using the provider's load_access_token method."""
+        return await self.provider.load_access_token(token)

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/routes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from typing import Any
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+from pydantic import AnyHttpUrl
+from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.routing import Route, request_response  # type: ignore
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp
+
+from mcp.server.auth.handlers.authorize import AuthorizationHandler
+from mcp.server.auth.handlers.metadata import MetadataHandler
+from mcp.server.auth.handlers.register import RegistrationHandler
+from mcp.server.auth.handlers.revoke import RevocationHandler
+from mcp.server.auth.handlers.token import TokenHandler
+from mcp.server.auth.middleware.client_auth import ClientAuthenticator
+from mcp.server.auth.provider import OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider
+from mcp.server.auth.settings import ClientRegistrationOptions, RevocationOptions
+from mcp.server.streamable_http import MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION_HEADER
+from mcp.shared.auth import OAuthMetadata
+
+
+def validate_issuer_url(url: AnyHttpUrl):
+    """
+    Validate that the issuer URL meets OAuth 2.0 requirements.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The issuer URL to validate
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the issuer URL is invalid
+    """
+
+    # RFC 8414 requires HTTPS, but we allow localhost HTTP for testing
+    if (
+        url.scheme != "https"
+        and url.host != "localhost"
+        and (url.host is not None and not url.host.startswith("127.0.0.1"))
+    ):
+        raise ValueError("Issuer URL must be HTTPS")  # pragma: no cover
+
+    # No fragments or query parameters allowed
+    if url.fragment:
+        raise ValueError("Issuer URL must not have a fragment")  # pragma: no cover
+    if url.query:
+        raise ValueError("Issuer URL must not have a query string")  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+AUTHORIZATION_PATH = "/authorize"
+TOKEN_PATH = "/token"
+REGISTRATION_PATH = "/register"
+REVOCATION_PATH = "/revoke"
+
+
+def cors_middleware(
+    handler: Callable[[Request], Response | Awaitable[Response]],
+    allow_methods: list[str],
+) -> ASGIApp:
+    cors_app = CORSMiddleware(
+        app=request_response(handler),
+        allow_origins="*",
+        allow_methods=allow_methods,
+        allow_headers=[MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION_HEADER],
+    )
+    return cors_app
+
+
+def create_auth_routes(
+    provider: OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[Any, Any, Any],
+    issuer_url: AnyHttpUrl,
+    service_documentation_url: AnyHttpUrl | None = None,
+    client_registration_options: ClientRegistrationOptions | None = None,
+    revocation_options: RevocationOptions | None = None,
+) -> list[Route]:
+    validate_issuer_url(issuer_url)
+
+    client_registration_options = client_registration_options or ClientRegistrationOptions()
+    revocation_options = revocation_options or RevocationOptions()
+    metadata = build_metadata(
+        issuer_url,
+        service_documentation_url,
+        client_registration_options,
+        revocation_options,
+    )
+    client_authenticator = ClientAuthenticator(provider)
+
+    # Create routes
+    # Allow CORS requests for endpoints meant to be hit by the OAuth client
+    # (with the client secret). This is intended to support things like MCP Inspector,
+    # where the client runs in a web browser.
+    routes = [
+        Route(
+            "/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server",
+            endpoint=cors_middleware(
+                MetadataHandler(metadata).handle,
+                ["GET", "OPTIONS"],
+            ),
+            methods=["GET", "OPTIONS"],
+        ),
+        Route(
+            AUTHORIZATION_PATH,
+            # do not allow CORS for authorization endpoint;
+            # clients should just redirect to this
+            endpoint=AuthorizationHandler(provider).handle,
+            methods=["GET", "POST"],
+        ),
+        Route(
+            TOKEN_PATH,
+            endpoint=cors_middleware(
+                TokenHandler(provider, client_authenticator).handle,
+                ["POST", "OPTIONS"],
+            ),
+            methods=["POST", "OPTIONS"],
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    if client_registration_options.enabled:  # pragma: no branch
+        registration_handler = RegistrationHandler(
+            provider,
+            options=client_registration_options,
+        )
+        routes.append(
+            Route(
+                REGISTRATION_PATH,
+                endpoint=cors_middleware(
+                    registration_handler.handle,
+                    ["POST", "OPTIONS"],
+                ),
+                methods=["POST", "OPTIONS"],
+            )
+        )
+
+    if revocation_options.enabled:  # pragma: no branch
+        revocation_handler = RevocationHandler(provider, client_authenticator)
+        routes.append(
+            Route(
+                REVOCATION_PATH,
+                endpoint=cors_middleware(
+                    revocation_handler.handle,
+                    ["POST", "OPTIONS"],
+                ),
+                methods=["POST", "OPTIONS"],
+            )
+        )
+
+    return routes
+
+
+def build_metadata(
+    issuer_url: AnyHttpUrl,
+    service_documentation_url: AnyHttpUrl | None,
+    client_registration_options: ClientRegistrationOptions,
+    revocation_options: RevocationOptions,
+) -> OAuthMetadata:
+    authorization_url = AnyHttpUrl(str(issuer_url).rstrip("/") + AUTHORIZATION_PATH)
+    token_url = AnyHttpUrl(str(issuer_url).rstrip("/") + TOKEN_PATH)
+
+    # Create metadata
+    metadata = OAuthMetadata(
+        issuer=issuer_url,
+        authorization_endpoint=authorization_url,
+        token_endpoint=token_url,
+        scopes_supported=client_registration_options.valid_scopes,
+        response_types_supported=["code"],
+        response_modes_supported=None,
+        grant_types_supported=["authorization_code", "refresh_token"],
+        token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported=["client_secret_post", "client_secret_basic"],
+        token_endpoint_auth_signing_alg_values_supported=None,
+        service_documentation=service_documentation_url,
+        ui_locales_supported=None,
+        op_policy_uri=None,
+        op_tos_uri=None,
+        introspection_endpoint=None,
+        code_challenge_methods_supported=["S256"],
+    )
+
+    # Add registration endpoint if supported
+    if client_registration_options.enabled:  # pragma: no branch
+        metadata.registration_endpoint = AnyHttpUrl(str(issuer_url).rstrip("/") + REGISTRATION_PATH)
+
+    # Add revocation endpoint if supported
+    if revocation_options.enabled:  # pragma: no branch
+        metadata.revocation_endpoint = AnyHttpUrl(str(issuer_url).rstrip("/") + REVOCATION_PATH)
+        metadata.revocation_endpoint_auth_methods_supported = ["client_secret_post", "client_secret_basic"]
+
+    return metadata
+
+
+def build_resource_metadata_url(resource_server_url: AnyHttpUrl) -> AnyHttpUrl:
+    """
+    Build RFC 9728 compliant protected resource metadata URL.
+
+    Inserts /.well-known/oauth-protected-resource between host and resource path
+    as specified in RFC 9728 §3.1.
+
+    Args:
+        resource_server_url: The resource server URL (e.g., https://example.com/mcp)
+
+    Returns:
+        The metadata URL (e.g., https://example.com/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource/mcp)
+    """
+    parsed = urlparse(str(resource_server_url))
+    # Handle trailing slash: if path is just "/", treat as empty
+    resource_path = parsed.path if parsed.path != "/" else ""
+    return AnyHttpUrl(f"{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource{resource_path}")
+
+
+def create_protected_resource_routes(
+    resource_url: AnyHttpUrl,
+    authorization_servers: list[AnyHttpUrl],
+    scopes_supported: list[str] | None = None,
+    resource_name: str | None = None,
+    resource_documentation: AnyHttpUrl | None = None,
+) -> list[Route]:
+    """
+    Create routes for OAuth 2.0 Protected Resource Metadata (RFC 9728).
+
+    Args:
+        resource_url: The URL of this resource server
+        authorization_servers: List of authorization servers that can issue tokens
+        scopes_supported: Optional list of scopes supported by this resource
+
+    Returns:
+        List of Starlette routes for protected resource metadata
+    """
+    from mcp.server.auth.handlers.metadata import ProtectedResourceMetadataHandler
+    from mcp.shared.auth import ProtectedResourceMetadata
+
+    metadata = ProtectedResourceMetadata(
+        resource=resource_url,
+        authorization_servers=authorization_servers,
+        scopes_supported=scopes_supported,
+        resource_name=resource_name,
+        resource_documentation=resource_documentation,
+        # bearer_methods_supported defaults to ["header"] in the model
+    )
+
+    handler = ProtectedResourceMetadataHandler(metadata)
+
+    # RFC 9728 §3.1: Register route at /.well-known/oauth-protected-resource + resource path
+    metadata_url = build_resource_metadata_url(resource_url)
+    # Extract just the path part for route registration
+    parsed = urlparse(str(metadata_url))
+    well_known_path = parsed.path
+
+    return [
+        Route(
+            well_known_path,
+            endpoint=cors_middleware(handler.handle, ["GET", "OPTIONS"]),
+            methods=["GET", "OPTIONS"],
+        )
+    ]

.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/mcp/server/auth/settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from pydantic import AnyHttpUrl, BaseModel, Field
+
+
+class ClientRegistrationOptions(BaseModel):
+    enabled: bool = False
+    client_secret_expiry_seconds: int | None = None
+    valid_scopes: list[str] | None = None
+    default_scopes: list[str] | None = None
+
+
+class RevocationOptions(BaseModel):
+    enabled: bool = False
+
+
+class AuthSettings(BaseModel):
+    issuer_url: AnyHttpUrl = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="OAuth authorization server URL that issues tokens for this resource server.",
+    )
+    service_documentation_url: AnyHttpUrl | None = None
+    client_registration_options: ClientRegistrationOptions | None = None
+    revocation_options: RevocationOptions | None = None
+    required_scopes: list[str] | None = None
+
+    # Resource Server settings (when operating as RS only)
+    resource_server_url: AnyHttpUrl | None = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="The URL of the MCP server to be used as the resource identifier "
+        "and base route to look up OAuth Protected Resource Metadata.",
+    )