Implement terminal approval UI system

Phase 1: Backend approval tracking
- Add PendingApprovalsManager class to track pending approvals
- Add approval-request, approval-response, approval-expired WebSocket handlers
- Add requestApproval() method to ClaudeCodeService
- Add event forwarding for approval requests

Phase 2: Frontend approval card component
- Create approval-card.js with interactive UI
- Create approval-card.css with styled component
- Add Approve, Custom Instructions, Reject buttons
- Add expandable custom command input

Phase 3: Wire up approval flow end-to-end
- Add handleApprovalRequest, handleApprovalConfirmed, handleApprovalExpired handlers
- Add detectApprovalRequest() to parse AI approval request patterns
- Integrate approval card into WebSocket message flow
- Route approval responses based on source (server vs AI conversational)

This allows the AI agent to request command approval through a clean
UI instead of confusing conversational text responses.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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