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skills/charts/references/d3.md
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skills/charts/references/d3.md
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# D3.js Template Library
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> **⚠️ Before writing any code, read [`_rules.md`](references/_rules.md) — three non-negotiable rules on overlap, hierarchy, and color.**
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D3.js is the "ultimate weapon" in visualization — highest freedom, but steepest learning curve.
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Suitable for: visualizations requiring fully custom interactions, data journalism, art-grade infographics.
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**If your needs can be met by ECharts/matplotlib, don't use D3.** D3's value lies in "charts others can't make".
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## HTML Universal Shell
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>{{TITLE}}</title>
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3@7"></script>
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<style>
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* { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
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body { background: #FFFFFF; font-family: system-ui, 'SimHei', sans-serif; }
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svg { display: block; margin: 40px auto; }
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/* Design tokens */
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:root {
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--text: #111827;
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--text-sub: #6B7280;
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--text-muted: #9CA3AF;
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--axis: #E5E7EB;
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--grid: #F3F4F6;
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--blue: #3B82F6;
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--cyan: #06B6D4;
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--purple: #8B5CF6;
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--amber: #F59E0B;
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--red: #EF4444;
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--green: #10B981;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<svg id="chart"></svg>
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<script>
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// D3 code
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## Colors and Constants
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```javascript
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const COLORS = ['#3B82F6', '#06B6D4', '#8B5CF6', '#F59E0B', '#EF4444', '#10B981'];
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const GRAY = { 200: '#E5E7EB', 300: '#D1D5DB', 400: '#9CA3AF', 500: '#6B7280', 900: '#111827' };
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const margin = { top: 60, right: 40, bottom: 50, left: 60 };
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const width = 900 - margin.left - margin.right;
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const height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
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```
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---
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## Template 1: Insight Bar Chart
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```javascript
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const svg = d3.select('#chart')
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.attr('width', width + margin.left + margin.right)
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.attr('height', height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
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.append('g')
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.attr('transform', `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
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// Title (insight-driven)
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svg.append('text')
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.attr('x', 0).attr('y', -30)
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.attr('fill', GRAY[900])
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.attr('font-size', 16).attr('font-weight', 'bold')
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.text('产品C销售额领先，达到89万');
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// Scales
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const x = d3.scaleBand().domain(data.map(d => d.name)).range([0, width]).padding(0.35);
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const y = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value) * 1.15]).range([height, 0]);
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// Y axis (minimal: no tick marks, light gray)
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svg.append('g')
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.call(d3.axisLeft(y).ticks(5).tickSize(0).tickFormat(d3.format(',')))
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.call(g => g.select('.domain').attr('stroke', GRAY[200]).attr('stroke-width', 0.8))
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.call(g => g.selectAll('.tick text').attr('fill', GRAY[500]).attr('font-size', 9));
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// X axis
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svg.append('g')
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.attr('transform', `translate(0,${height})`)
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.call(d3.axisBottom(x).tickSize(0))
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.call(g => g.select('.domain').attr('stroke', GRAY[200]).attr('stroke-width', 0.8))
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.call(g => g.selectAll('.tick text').attr('fill', GRAY[500]).attr('font-size', 9));
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// Bars (gray + highlight)
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svg.selectAll('.bar')
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.data(data)
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.join('rect')
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.attr('x', d => x(d.name))
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.attr('width', x.bandwidth())
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.attr('y', d => y(d.value))
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.attr('height', d => height - y(d.value))
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.attr('fill', d => d.highlight ? '#3B82F6' : GRAY[200])
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.attr('rx', 3);
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// Value labels
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svg.selectAll('.label')
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.data(data)
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.join('text')
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.attr('x', d => x(d.name) + x.bandwidth()/2)
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.attr('y', d => y(d.value) - 6)
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.attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
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.attr('fill', d => d.highlight ? GRAY[900] : GRAY[400])
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.attr('font-size', d => d.highlight ? 12 : 10)
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.attr('font-weight', d => d.highlight ? 'bold' : 'normal')
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.text(d => d3.format(',')(d.value));
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```
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---
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## Template 2: Force-Directed Graph
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This is D3's killer feature — other frameworks can hardly achieve the same effect.
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```javascript
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const simulation = d3.forceSimulation(nodes)
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.force('link', d3.forceLink(links).id(d => d.id).distance(80))
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.force('charge', d3.forceManyBody().strength(-200))
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.force('center', d3.forceCenter(width/2, height/2))
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.force('collision', d3.forceCollide(20));
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const link = svg.selectAll('.link')
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.data(links).join('line')
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.attr('stroke', GRAY[200]).attr('stroke-width', 1);
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const node = svg.selectAll('.node')
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.data(nodes).join('circle')
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.attr('r', d => Math.sqrt(d.value) * 3)
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.attr('fill', (d, i) => COLORS[d.group % COLORS.length])
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.attr('stroke', '#fff').attr('stroke-width', 1.5)
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.call(d3.drag()
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.on('start', (e, d) => { if (!e.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0.3).restart(); d.fx = d.x; d.fy = d.y; })
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.on('drag', (e, d) => { d.fx = e.x; d.fy = e.y; })
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.on('end', (e, d) => { if (!e.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0); d.fx = null; d.fy = null; })
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);
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// Labels
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const labels = svg.selectAll('.label')
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.data(nodes).join('text')
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.text(d => d.name)
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.attr('font-size', 9).attr('fill', GRAY[500])
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.attr('text-anchor', 'middle').attr('dy', -15);
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simulation.on('tick', () => {
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link.attr('x1', d => d.source.x).attr('y1', d => d.source.y)
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.attr('x2', d => d.target.x).attr('y2', d => d.target.y);
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node.attr('cx', d => d.x).attr('cy', d => d.y);
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labels.attr('x', d => d.x).attr('y', d => d.y);
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});
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```
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---
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## Template 3: Treemap
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```javascript
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const root = d3.hierarchy(treeData).sum(d => d.value);
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d3.treemap().size([width, height]).padding(2)(root);
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svg.selectAll('.cell')
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.data(root.leaves())
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.join('rect')
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.attr('x', d => d.x0).attr('y', d => d.y0)
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.attr('width', d => d.x1 - d.x0)
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.attr('height', d => d.y1 - d.y0)
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.attr('fill', (d, i) => COLORS[i % COLORS.length])
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.attr('rx', 2).attr('opacity', 0.85);
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svg.selectAll('.cell-label')
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.data(root.leaves().filter(d => (d.x1-d.x0) > 40 && (d.y1-d.y0) > 20))
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.join('text')
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.attr('x', d => d.x0 + 4).attr('y', d => d.y0 + 14)
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.text(d => d.data.name)
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.attr('font-size', 10).attr('fill', 'white').attr('font-weight', 'bold');
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```
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---
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## D3 Use Cases (vs Overkill)
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| ✅ D3 Best | ❌ Overkill |
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|-----------|-------------|
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| Force-directed relationship graph | Regular bar chart (use matplotlib) |
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| Custom geographic visualization | Standard map (use ECharts) |
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| Data-driven animation | Static report chart (use matplotlib) |
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| Treemap / Sunburst | Standard pie chart (use matplotlib) |
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| Complex interactions (brushing/linking/drill-down) | Simple tooltip (use ECharts) |
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| Data journalism/narrative visualization | Dashboard (use ECharts) |
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